Evaluación trienal de la actividad de anidación de la tortuga marina Chelonia mydas en Playa Lagarto, Los Santos, Panamá

Jorge M. Castillo-Beitia; Roberto Lombardo; Eimy Suaza; Yerson Cruz-Mendivelso; Santiago Jiménez-Arias; Luisa F. López-Lozano; Deikel Saavedra

doi:10.48204/j.tecno.v27n2.a7659

Submitted July 8, 2025

Published 2025-07-11

Artículos

Vol. 27 No. 2 (2025): Tecnociencia

Triennial evaluation of the nesting activity of the sea turtle Chelonia mydas in Playa Lagarto, Los Santos, Panama

Jorge M. Castillo-Beitia⁺⁻
Roberto Lombardo⁺⁻
Eimy Suaza ⁺⁻
Yerson Cruz-Mendivelso⁺⁻
Santiago Jiménez-Arias⁺⁻
Luisa F. López-Lozano⁺⁻
Deikel Saavedra⁺⁻

DOI https://doi.org/10.48204/j.tecno.v27n2.a7659

PDF (Español (España))

References

DOI: 10.48204/j.tecno.v27n2.a7659

Published: 2025-07-11

How to Cite

Castillo-Beitia, J. M., Lombardo, R., Suaza , E., Cruz-Mendivelso, Y., Jiménez-Arias, S., López-Lozano, L. F. and Saavedra, D. (2025) “Triennial evaluation of the nesting activity of the sea turtle Chelonia mydas in Playa Lagarto, Los Santos, Panama”, Tecnociencia, 27(2), pp. 75–99. doi: 10.48204/j.tecno.v27n2.a7659.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Abstract

To evaluate the nesting activity of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) over a three-year period at Playa Lagarto, nighttime monitoring was conducted from May 2021 to April 2024. The beach was divided into nine segments to determine whether the turtles preferentially use specific areas for nesting. For each turtle, data on date, nesting time, nesting activity number, biometric measurements, tracks, track types, nest count, and nesting segment were recorded. A total of 535 nesting events were documented, categorized as false nesting (41.12%), false crawls (26.36%), successful nests (21.87%), and unknown cases (10.65%). Chelonia mydas was found to nest most frequently between December and April, predominantly between 21:00 and 23:00 hours. Biometric data were recorded for 193 nesting females, with an average curved carapace length of 92.4 ± 7.12 cm and an average curved carapace width of 86.1 ± 6.35 cm. Among the 110 observed nests, 87.27% were successful, while 12.73% were poached. This study aids in optimizing conservation efforts by informing the design of effective strategies to protect essential habitats and ensure the long-term survival of green turtles.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alvarado, J. & Figueroa, A. (1986). The ecological recovery of sea turtles of Michoacan, Mexico: special attention, the black turtle (Chelonia mydas agassizi). World Wildlife Fund (US); US Fish and Wildlife Service.
Amorocho, D. F., Rodríguez-Zuluaga, J. A., Payán, L. F., Zapata, L. A. & Rojas, P. A. (2015). Plan de manejo de las tortugas marinas del Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona. Parques Nacionales Naturales, Cali, Colombia.
Azanza, J., Ibarra, M. E., Espinosa, G., Díaz, R. & González-Sansón, G. (2003). Conducta de anidación de la tortuga verde (Chelonia mydas) en las playas Antonio y Caleta de los Piojos de la Península de Guanahacabibes, Pinar del Río, Cuba. Revista de Investigaciones Marinas, 24(3), 231-240.
Bennett, L. (2018). Sea Turtles, Cheloniidae and Dermatochelyidae. Ocean, find your blue. Smithsonian Ocean. https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/reptiles/sea-turtles
Bjorndal, K. A. (1980). Nutrition and grazing behavior of the green turtle Chelonia mydas. Marine Biology, 56, 147-154.
Bjorndal, K. A. (1985). Nutritional ecology of sea turtles. Copeia, 736-751.
Bjorndal, K. A. & Bolten, A. B. (1988). Growth rates of immature green turtles, Chelonia mydas, on feeding grounds in the southern Bahamas. Copeia, 555-564.
Bocourt, M. (1868). Description de quelques cheloniens nouveaux appartenant a la Faune Mexicaine. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., 10, 121–122.
Bolten, A. B. (2000). Técnicas para la medición de tortugas marinas. Técnicas de Investigación y Manejo para la Conservación de las Tortugas Marinas, 4, 126-31.
Bolten, A. B., Lutz, P. L., Musick, J. A. & Wyneken, J. (2003). Variation in sea turtle life history patterns: neritic vs. oceanic developmental stages. The biology of sea turtles, 2, 243-257.
Bowen, B. W., Meylan, A. B., Ross, J. P., Limpus, C. J., Balazs, G. H. & Avise, J. C. (1992). Global population structure and natural history of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in terms of matriarchal phylogeny. Evolution, 46(4), 865-881.
Brand-Gardner, S. J., Limpus, C. J. & Lanyon, J. M. (1999). Diet selection by immature green turtles, Chelonia mydas, in subtropical Moreton Bay, south-east Queensland. Australian Journal of Zoology, 47(2), 181-191.
Brenes Arias, O., Bonilla L., Bonilla, A. & Vega, A. (2015). Características de la anidación de Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudinata: Cheloniidae) entre el 2010 y 2012 en Playa Tortuga Ojochal de Osa, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 63, 339-349.
Bruno, R., Restrepo, J. & Valverde, R. (2020). Effects of El Niño Southern Oscillation and local ocean temperature on the reproductive output of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) nesting at Tortuguero, Costa Rica. Marine Biology, 167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-020-03749-z
Carr, A. (1975). The Ascension Island green turtle colony. Copeia, 547-555.
Carr, A. & Ogren, L. (1960). The ecology and migrations of sea turtles, 4. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist, 121(1), 1-48.
Castillero, R. G., López-Lozano, L. F. & Jiménez-Arias, S. (2024). Caracterización de la actividad de anidación de tortugas marinas en Playa Morrillo, Veraguas, Panamá. Tecnociencia, 26(1), 39–59. https://doi.org/10.48204/j.tecno.v26n1.a4649
Chacón, D., Dick, B., Harrison, E., Sarti, L. & Solano, M. (2008). Manual sobre técnicas de manejo y conservación de las tortugas marinas en playas de anidación de Centroamérica. Secretaría Pro Tempore de la Convención Interamericana para la Protección y Conservación de las Tortugas Marinas (CIT), San José, Costa Rica.
Chaloupka, M., Bjorndal, K. A., Balazs, G. H., Bolten, A. B., Ehrhart, L. M., Limpus, C. J. ... & Yamaguchi, M. (2008). Encouraging outlook for recovery of a once severely exploited marine megaherbivore. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 17(2), 297-304. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00367.x
Chávez, A. (1994). Efecto de la Luna en la actividad de los animales. Lunario 2002.
Chen, H. C., Cheng, I. J. & Hong, E. (2007). The influence of the beach environment on the digging success and nest site distribution of the green turtle, Chelonia mydas, on Wan-an Island, Penghu Archipelago, Taiwan. Journal of Coastal Research, 23(5), 1277-1286. https://doi:10.2112/05-0455.1
Cheng, I., Huang, C., Hung, P., Ke, B., Kuo, C. & Fong, C. (2009). Ten years of monitoring the nesting ecology of the Green Turtle, Chelonia mydas, on Lanyu (Orchid Island), Taiwan. Zoological Studies, 48, 83-94.
D’Croz, L., & O’Dea, A. (2007). Variability in upwelling along the Pacific shelf of Panama and implications for the distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 73(1–2), 325–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECSS.2007.01.013
Eckert, K. L., Bjorndal, K. A., Abreu-Grobois, F. A. & Donnelly, M. (2000). Técnicas de Investigación y Manejo para la Conservación de las Tortugas Marinas. Grupo especialista en tortugas marinas UICN/CSE Publicación, 4.
Ferrerira, B., Garcia, M., Jupp, B.P. & Al-Kiyumi, A. (2006). Diet of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) at Ra's Al Hadd, Sultanate of Oman. Chelonian Conserv. Biol. 5, 141–146.
Flores, E., De La Cruz, J., Seminoff, J. & Urena, L. (2021). Local ecological knowledge supports identification of sea turtle nesting beaches in Panama.
Forbes, G. A. (1994). The diet of the green turtle in an algal-based coral reef Community-Heron Island, Australia. In Proc 13th Annu Symp Sea Turtle Biol Conserv. NOAA Tech Memo NMFSSEFSC-341 (pp. 57-59).
Garcés, H., Batista, A. & Sánchez, N. (2020). Caracterización de sitios de anidación de tortugas marinas en Playa Lagarto, Pedasí, Provincia de Los Santos, Panamá. Tecnociencia, 22(2), 259-277.
Godley, B., Broderick, A. & Hays, G. (2001). Nesting of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at Ascension Island, South Atlantic. Biological Conservation, 97, 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00107-5
Green, D. & Ortiz-Crespo, F. (1982). Status of sea turtle populations in the central eastern Pacific. Biology and conservation of sea turtles. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 221-233.
Gremone, C. & Gómez, J. L. (1983). Isla de Aves como área de desove de la tortuga verde Chelonia mydas. Fudena, Caracas, Venezuela.
Guerra, C., Ricardo, J., Ávila, R., Bretos, F. & Álvarez, P. (2021). Influence of Sandy Coast Vegetation on the Reproductive Success of Green Turtles at Cuban Nesting Beaches. Chelonian Conservation and Biology: Celebrating 25 Years as the World's Turtle and Tortoise Journal, 20, 254 - 264. https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1460.1
Hendrickson, J. R. (1958). The green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas (Linn.) in Malaya and Sarawak. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 130(4), 455-535.
Hilton-Taylor C (2000) IUCN Red List of threatened species. IUCN, Gland
Houtan, K. & Bass, O. (2007). Stormy oceans are associated with declines in sea turtle hatching. Current Biology, 17, R590-R591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.021
Instituto de Meteorología e Hidrología de Panamá. (2024). Instituto de Meteorología e Hidrología de Panamá. Recuperado 25 de julio de 2024, de https://www.imhpa.gob.pa/es/
Jensen, M. P., FitzSimmons, N. N., Bourjea, J., Hamabata, T., Reece, J. & Dutton, P. H. (2019). The evolutionary history and global phylogeography of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas). Journal of Biogeography. https://doi:10.1111/jbi.13483
Johnson, S. A. & Ehrhart, L. M. (1996). Reproductive Ecology of the Florida Green Turtle: Clutch Frequency. Journal of Herpetology, 30(3), 407. doi:10.2307/1565180
Kamezaki, N. & Matsui, M. (1995). Geographic Variation in Skull Morphology of the Green Turtle, Chelonia mydas, with a Taxonomic Discussion. Journal of Herpetology, 29(1), 51. https://doi:10.2307/1565085
Kim, I. H., Park, I. K., Park, D., Kim, M. S., Cho, I. Y., Yang, D. ... & An, Y. R. (2024). Habitat use of loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green (Chelonia mydas) turtles at the northern limit of their distribution range of the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Plos one, 19(4), e0290202. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290202
Koch, V., Brooks, L. B. & Nichols, W. J. (2007). Population ecology of the green/black turtle (Chelonia mydas) in Bahía Magdalena, Mexico. Marine Biology, 153, 35-46. https://doi:10.1670/08-115.1
Kubis, S., Chaloupka, M., Ehrhart, L. & Bresette, M. (2009). Growth rates of juvenile green turtles Chelonia mydas from three ecologically distinct foraging habitats along the east central coast of Florida, USA. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 389, 257-269. https://doi:10.3354/meps08206
Le Gouvello, D. Z. M., Nel, R. & Cloete, A. E. (2020). The influence of individual size on clutch size and hatchling fitness traits in sea turtles. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 527, 151372. https://doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2020.151372
Limpus, C. J. & Limpus, D. J. (2000). Mangroves in the diet of Chelonia mydas in Queensland, Australia. Marine Turtle Newsletter, 89, 13-15.
Limpus, C. J., Miller, J. D. & Pfaller, J. B. (2020). Flooding-induced mortality of loggerhead sea turtle eggs. Wildlife Research, 48(2), 142-151. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR20080
Limpus, C. & Chaloupka, M. (1997). Nonparametric regression modelling of green sea turtle growth rates (southern Great Barrier Reef). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 149, 23-34. https://doi:10.3354/meps149023
Lindborg, R., Neidhardt, E., Smith, J. R., Schwartz, B., Hernandez, V., Savage, A. & Witherington, B. (2019). An Ethogram Describing the Nesting Behavior of Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas). Herpetologica, 75(2), 114-122. https://doi:10.1655/d-18-00015
Lombardo, R. C. & Saavedra, D. Y. (2023). Características de la anidación de tortugas marinas: Lepidochelys olivacea y Chelonia mydas, en playa lagarto, Los Santos, Panamá. Tecnociencia, 25(1), 63-88.
López, L. F. L. & Arias, S. J. (2024). Primer reporte de la temporada de anidación de la tortuga verde Chelonia mydas (Testudinata: Cheloniidae) en playa Lagarto, península de Azuero, Panamá. Revista Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, 16(2), 99-113.
Márquez, M. R. (1990). FAO species catalogue. Vol. 11. Sea turtles of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of sea turtle species known to date.
Márquez, R. & Farías, M. (2000). Las tortugas marinas y nuestro tiempo (pp. 197-197). México DF: Fondo de cultura económica.
Miller, J. D. (2017). Reproduction in sea turtles. The Biology of Sea Turtles, Volume I, 51-81.
Mortimer, J. A. (1982). Feeding ecology of sea turtles. Biology and conservation of sea turtles. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 103.
Mortimer, J. A. (1990). The influence of beach sand characteristics on the nesting behavior and clutch survival of green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Copeia, 802-817. https://doi:10.2307/1446446
NMFS. (1998) Recovery plan for East Pacific green turtle (Chelonia mydas). National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, MD
Patricio, A., Varela, M., Barbosa, C., Broderick, A., Airaud, M., Godley, B. … & Catry, P. (2018). Nest site selection repeatability of green turtles, Chelonia mydas, and consequences for offspring. Animal Behaviour, 139, 91-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.03.006
Payo, A., Kobayashi, N., Muñoz-Pérez, J. & Yamada, F. 2008. Predictibilidad de la formación de escarpe en playas de arena en un tanque multidireccional de oleaje. Ciencias Mar. 34(1): pp. 45–54. https://doi:10.7773/cm.v34i1.1265
Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L. & McMahon, T. A. (2007). Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 11(5), 1633–1644. https://doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007
Peñalba Laguna, M. D. L. Á. & Rios Rivera, R. M. (2013). Estudio reproductivo de Chelonia mydas, en la playa de anidación Brasilón en el pacífico sur de Nicaragua (Doctoral dissertation).
Pertiwi, M. P. & Lathifah, S. S. (2019). Conditions of hilling habitat of Chelonia Mydas (Green Turtle) in Pangumbahan Beach Ujung Genteng, Sukabumi Selatan. Journal of Science Innovare, 1(2), 64-67. https://doi.org/10.33751/JSI.V1I02.1003
Pinto, I. & Yee, J. (2011). Diagnóstico de las áreas marinas protegidas y de las áreas marinas para la pesca responsable en el Pacífico panameño. Fundación Marviva, Panama.
Poti, M., Long, S., Rusli, M., Jani, J., Hugé, J. & Dahdouh-Guebas, F. (2021). Changing trends and perceptions of sea turtle egg consumption in Redang Island, Malaysia. Ecology and Society. https://doi.org/10.5751/es-12717-260414
Read, M. A. (1991). Observations on the feeding ecology of immature green turtles, Chelonia mydas, in the Moreton Banks region of Moreton Bay, South East Queensland (Doctoral dissertation, University of Queensland).
Recaséns, A. B. C., García, A. M., Rodríguez, V. T. & Vicario, A. G. (2010). Vulnerabilidad de sitios de anidación de tortugas marinas por efectos de erosión costera en el estado de Campeche. En memoria, 73.
Restrepo, J., Webster, E. G., Ramos, I. & Valverde, R. A. (2023). Recent decline of green turtle Chelonia mydas nesting trend at Tortuguero, Costa Rica. Endangered Species Research, 51, 59-72. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01237
Rivera-Solís, J. A. (2021). Depósitos eólicos del trópico húmedo: caso de la franja marino-costera del este de la Península de Azuero, Panamá. Revista Geográfica de América Central, (66), 79-105.
Rubiano Ciodaro, D. (2011). Caracterización de playas de anidación de tortugas marinas en Isla Fuerte, Bolívar, Caribe Colombiano.
Rueda-Almonacid, J. V., Mittermeier, C. G., Carr, J. L., Mittermeier, R. A., Rodríguez-Mahecha, J. V., ... & Mittermeier, C. G. (2007). Las tortugas y los cocodrilianos de los países andinos del trópico (Serie Guías Tropicales de Campo No. 6). Conservación Internacional.
Salleh, S., Nishizawa, H., Sah, S. & Chowdhury, A. (2020). Reproductive seasonality and environmental effects in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) nesting at Penang Island, Malaysia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 100, 645 - 650. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315420000399
Schulz, J. P. (1975). Sea turtles nesting in Surinam. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 143(1), 1-141.
Seminoff J. A., Resendiz A. & Nichols W. J. (2002) Diet of the east Pacific green turtle, Chelonia mydas, in the central Gulf of California, Mexico. Journal Herpetology 36:447–453
Seminoff, J. A. (2004). Chelonia mydas. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004: Supplementary material.
Seminoff, J. A., Jones, T. T. & Marshall, G. J. (2006). Underwater behaviour of green turtles monitored with video-time-depth recorders: what’s missing from dive profiles? Marine Ecology Progress Series, 322, 269-280.
Sole, G. & Medina, G. (1989). The green turtles of Aves Island. In Eckert SA, Eckert KA, Richardson TH (Compilers) Proc 9th Annu Workshop Sea Turtle Conservation Biology. NOAA Tech Memo NMFS-SEFC-232, US Dept Commerce, Miami, FL (pp. 171-173).
Sunamura, T. (1989). Sandy beach geomorphology elucidated by laboratory modeling. In Elsevier Oceanography Series (Vol. 49, pp. 159-213). Elsevier. https://doi:10.1016/S0422-9894(08)70126-0
Torres, D. A. P., Rangel, J. L. H., Henrique, A. R. B., Ojeda, M. J. D. & Sánchez, N. R. Q. (2012). De tortuga verde (Chelonia mydas) en el refugio de fauna silvestre Isla de Aves, Venezuela. Revista Científica, 22(3).
Valverde-Cantillo, V., Robinson, N. J. & Santidrián Tomillo, P. (2019). Influence of oceanographic conditions on nesting abundance, phenology and internesting periods of east Pacific green turtles. Marine Biology, 166(7), 93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-019-3541-1
Veelenturf, C., Sinclair, E., Leopold, P., Paladino, F. & Honarvar, S. (2021). The effects of nest location and beach environment on hatching success for leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) and green (Chelonia mydas) sea turtles on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Marine Biology, 169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04049-4
Vera, V. & Buitrago, J. (2012). Actividad reproductiva de Chelonia mydas (Testudines: Cheloniidae) en Isla de Aves, Venezuela (2001-2008). Revista de Biología Tropical, 60(2), 745-758.
Whiting, A. U., Chaloupka, M. & Limpus, C. J. (2020). Sampling nesting sea turtles: impact of survey error on trend detection. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 634, 213-223. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13202
Witherington, B. E. (1992). Behavioral responses of nesting sea turtles to artificial lighting. Herpetologica, 31-39.

Keywords

PDF (Español (España))

Resumen visto - 24 veces
PDF (Español (España)) descargado - 24

Licencia

Este obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.

Content Top

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Rosa G. Castillero , Luisa F. López-Lozano , Santiago Jiménez-Arias , CHARACTERIZATION OF SEA TURTLE NESTING ACTIVITY AT MORRILLO BEACH, VERAGUAS PROVINCE, PANAMA , Tecnociencia: Vol. 26 No. 1 (2024): Tecnociencia
Rosa G. Castillero , Dany D. Luque-Atencio, Jorge M. Castillo-Beitia, Structural and floristic characterization of the mangrove at Morrillo beach, Veraguas, Panama , Tecnociencia: Vol. 27 No. 1 (2025): Tecnociencia

[1] Alvarado, J. & Figueroa, A. (1986). The ecological recovery of sea turtles of Michoacan, Mexico: special attention, the black turtle (Chelonia mydas agassizi). World Wildlife Fund (US); US Fish and Wildlife Service.

[2] Amorocho, D. F., Rodríguez-Zuluaga, J. A., Payán, L. F., Zapata, L. A. & Rojas, P. A. (2015). Plan de manejo de las tortugas marinas del Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona. Parques Nacionales Naturales, Cali, Colombia.

[3] Azanza, J., Ibarra, M. E., Espinosa, G., Díaz, R. & González-Sansón, G. (2003). Conducta de anidación de la tortuga verde (Chelonia mydas) en las playas Antonio y Caleta de los Piojos de la Península de Guanahacabibes, Pinar del Río, Cuba. Revista de Investigaciones Marinas, 24(3), 231-240.

[4] Bennett, L. (2018). Sea Turtles, Cheloniidae and Dermatochelyidae. Ocean, find your blue. Smithsonian Ocean. https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/reptiles/sea-turtles

[5] Bjorndal, K. A. (1980). Nutrition and grazing behavior of the green turtle Chelonia mydas. Marine Biology, 56, 147-154.

[6] Bjorndal, K. A. (1985). Nutritional ecology of sea turtles. Copeia, 736-751.

[7] Bjorndal, K. A. & Bolten, A. B. (1988). Growth rates of immature green turtles, Chelonia mydas, on feeding grounds in the southern Bahamas. Copeia, 555-564.

[8] Bocourt, M. (1868). Description de quelques cheloniens nouveaux appartenant a la Faune Mexicaine. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., 10, 121–122.

[9] Bolten, A. B. (2000). Técnicas para la medición de tortugas marinas. Técnicas de Investigación y Manejo para la Conservación de las Tortugas Marinas, 4, 126-31.

[10] Bolten, A. B., Lutz, P. L., Musick, J. A. & Wyneken, J. (2003). Variation in sea turtle life history patterns: neritic vs. oceanic developmental stages. The biology of sea turtles, 2, 243-257.

[11] Bowen, B. W., Meylan, A. B., Ross, J. P., Limpus, C. J., Balazs, G. H. & Avise, J. C. (1992). Global population structure and natural history of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in terms of matriarchal phylogeny. Evolution, 46(4), 865-881.

[12] Brand-Gardner, S. J., Limpus, C. J. & Lanyon, J. M. (1999). Diet selection by immature green turtles, Chelonia mydas, in subtropical Moreton Bay, south-east Queensland. Australian Journal of Zoology, 47(2), 181-191.

[13] Brenes Arias, O., Bonilla L., Bonilla, A. & Vega, A. (2015). Características de la anidación de Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudinata: Cheloniidae) entre el 2010 y 2012 en Playa Tortuga Ojochal de Osa, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 63, 339-349.

[14] Bruno, R., Restrepo, J. & Valverde, R. (2020). Effects of El Niño Southern Oscillation and local ocean temperature on the reproductive output of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) nesting at Tortuguero, Costa Rica. Marine Biology, 167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-020-03749-z

[15] Carr, A. (1975). The Ascension Island green turtle colony. Copeia, 547-555.

[16] Carr, A. & Ogren, L. (1960). The ecology and migrations of sea turtles, 4. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist, 121(1), 1-48.

[17] Castillero, R. G., López-Lozano, L. F. & Jiménez-Arias, S. (2024). Caracterización de la actividad de anidación de tortugas marinas en Playa Morrillo, Veraguas, Panamá. Tecnociencia, 26(1), 39–59. https://doi.org/10.48204/j.tecno.v26n1.a4649

[18] Chacón, D., Dick, B., Harrison, E., Sarti, L. & Solano, M. (2008). Manual sobre técnicas de manejo y conservación de las tortugas marinas en playas de anidación de Centroamérica. Secretaría Pro Tempore de la Convención Interamericana para la Protección y Conservación de las Tortugas Marinas (CIT), San José, Costa Rica.

[19] Chaloupka, M., Bjorndal, K. A., Balazs, G. H., Bolten, A. B., Ehrhart, L. M., Limpus, C. J. ... & Yamaguchi, M. (2008). Encouraging outlook for recovery of a once severely exploited marine megaherbivore. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 17(2), 297-304. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00367.x

[20] Chávez, A. (1994). Efecto de la Luna en la actividad de los animales. Lunario 2002.

[21] Chen, H. C., Cheng, I. J. & Hong, E. (2007). The influence of the beach environment on the digging success and nest site distribution of the green turtle, Chelonia mydas, on Wan-an Island, Penghu Archipelago, Taiwan. Journal of Coastal Research, 23(5), 1277-1286. https://doi:10.2112/05-0455.1

[22] Cheng, I., Huang, C., Hung, P., Ke, B., Kuo, C. & Fong, C. (2009). Ten years of monitoring the nesting ecology of the Green Turtle, Chelonia mydas, on Lanyu (Orchid Island), Taiwan. Zoological Studies, 48, 83-94.

[23] D’Croz, L., & O’Dea, A. (2007). Variability in upwelling along the Pacific shelf of Panama and implications for the distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 73(1–2), 325–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECSS.2007.01.013

[24] Eckert, K. L., Bjorndal, K. A., Abreu-Grobois, F. A. & Donnelly, M. (2000). Técnicas de Investigación y Manejo para la Conservación de las Tortugas Marinas. Grupo especialista en tortugas marinas UICN/CSE Publicación, 4.

[25] Ferrerira, B., Garcia, M., Jupp, B.P. & Al-Kiyumi, A. (2006). Diet of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) at Ra's Al Hadd, Sultanate of Oman. Chelonian Conserv. Biol. 5, 141–146.

[26] Flores, E., De La Cruz, J., Seminoff, J. & Urena, L. (2021). Local ecological knowledge supports identification of sea turtle nesting beaches in Panama.

[27] Forbes, G. A. (1994). The diet of the green turtle in an algal-based coral reef Community-Heron Island, Australia. In Proc 13th Annu Symp Sea Turtle Biol Conserv. NOAA Tech Memo NMFSSEFSC-341 (pp. 57-59).

[28] Garcés, H., Batista, A. & Sánchez, N. (2020). Caracterización de sitios de anidación de tortugas marinas en Playa Lagarto, Pedasí, Provincia de Los Santos, Panamá. Tecnociencia, 22(2), 259-277.

[29] Godley, B., Broderick, A. & Hays, G. (2001). Nesting of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at Ascension Island, South Atlantic. Biological Conservation, 97, 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00107-5

[30] Green, D. & Ortiz-Crespo, F. (1982). Status of sea turtle populations in the central eastern Pacific. Biology and conservation of sea turtles. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 221-233.

[31] Gremone, C. & Gómez, J. L. (1983). Isla de Aves como área de desove de la tortuga verde Chelonia mydas. Fudena, Caracas, Venezuela.

[32] Guerra, C., Ricardo, J., Ávila, R., Bretos, F. & Álvarez, P. (2021). Influence of Sandy Coast Vegetation on the Reproductive Success of Green Turtles at Cuban Nesting Beaches. Chelonian Conservation and Biology: Celebrating 25 Years as the World's Turtle and Tortoise Journal, 20, 254 - 264. https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1460.1

[33] Hendrickson, J. R. (1958). The green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas (Linn.) in Malaya and Sarawak. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 130(4), 455-535.

[34] Hilton-Taylor C (2000) IUCN Red List of threatened species. IUCN, Gland

[35] Houtan, K. & Bass, O. (2007). Stormy oceans are associated with declines in sea turtle hatching. Current Biology, 17, R590-R591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.021

[36] Instituto de Meteorología e Hidrología de Panamá. (2024). Instituto de Meteorología e Hidrología de Panamá. Recuperado 25 de julio de 2024, de https://www.imhpa.gob.pa/es/

[37] Jensen, M. P., FitzSimmons, N. N., Bourjea, J., Hamabata, T., Reece, J. & Dutton, P. H. (2019). The evolutionary history and global phylogeography of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas). Journal of Biogeography. https://doi:10.1111/jbi.13483

[38] Johnson, S. A. & Ehrhart, L. M. (1996). Reproductive Ecology of the Florida Green Turtle: Clutch Frequency. Journal of Herpetology, 30(3), 407. doi:10.2307/1565180

[39] Kamezaki, N. & Matsui, M. (1995). Geographic Variation in Skull Morphology of the Green Turtle, Chelonia mydas, with a Taxonomic Discussion. Journal of Herpetology, 29(1), 51. https://doi:10.2307/1565085

[40] Kim, I. H., Park, I. K., Park, D., Kim, M. S., Cho, I. Y., Yang, D. ... & An, Y. R. (2024). Habitat use of loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green (Chelonia mydas) turtles at the northern limit of their distribution range of the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Plos one, 19(4), e0290202. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290202

[41] Koch, V., Brooks, L. B. & Nichols, W. J. (2007). Population ecology of the green/black turtle (Chelonia mydas) in Bahía Magdalena, Mexico. Marine Biology, 153, 35-46. https://doi:10.1670/08-115.1

[42] Kubis, S., Chaloupka, M., Ehrhart, L. & Bresette, M. (2009). Growth rates of juvenile green turtles Chelonia mydas from three ecologically distinct foraging habitats along the east central coast of Florida, USA. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 389, 257-269. https://doi:10.3354/meps08206

[43] Le Gouvello, D. Z. M., Nel, R. & Cloete, A. E. (2020). The influence of individual size on clutch size and hatchling fitness traits in sea turtles. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 527, 151372. https://doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2020.151372

[44] Limpus, C. J. & Limpus, D. J. (2000). Mangroves in the diet of Chelonia mydas in Queensland, Australia. Marine Turtle Newsletter, 89, 13-15.

[45] Limpus, C. J., Miller, J. D. & Pfaller, J. B. (2020). Flooding-induced mortality of loggerhead sea turtle eggs. Wildlife Research, 48(2), 142-151. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR20080

[46] Limpus, C. & Chaloupka, M. (1997). Nonparametric regression modelling of green sea turtle growth rates (southern Great Barrier Reef). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 149, 23-34. https://doi:10.3354/meps149023

[47] Lindborg, R., Neidhardt, E., Smith, J. R., Schwartz, B., Hernandez, V., Savage, A. & Witherington, B. (2019). An Ethogram Describing the Nesting Behavior of Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas). Herpetologica, 75(2), 114-122. https://doi:10.1655/d-18-00015

[48] Lombardo, R. C. & Saavedra, D. Y. (2023). Características de la anidación de tortugas marinas: Lepidochelys olivacea y Chelonia mydas, en playa lagarto, Los Santos, Panamá. Tecnociencia, 25(1), 63-88.

[49] López, L. F. L. & Arias, S. J. (2024). Primer reporte de la temporada de anidación de la tortuga verde Chelonia mydas (Testudinata: Cheloniidae) en playa Lagarto, península de Azuero, Panamá. Revista Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, 16(2), 99-113.

[50] Márquez, M. R. (1990). FAO species catalogue. Vol. 11. Sea turtles of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of sea turtle species known to date.

[51] Márquez, R. & Farías, M. (2000). Las tortugas marinas y nuestro tiempo (pp. 197-197). México DF: Fondo de cultura económica.

[52] Miller, J. D. (2017). Reproduction in sea turtles. The Biology of Sea Turtles, Volume I, 51-81.

[53] Mortimer, J. A. (1982). Feeding ecology of sea turtles. Biology and conservation of sea turtles. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 103.

[54] Mortimer, J. A. (1990). The influence of beach sand characteristics on the nesting behavior and clutch survival of green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Copeia, 802-817. https://doi:10.2307/1446446

[55] NMFS. (1998) Recovery plan for East Pacific green turtle (Chelonia mydas). National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, MD

[56] Patricio, A., Varela, M., Barbosa, C., Broderick, A., Airaud, M., Godley, B. … & Catry, P. (2018). Nest site selection repeatability of green turtles, Chelonia mydas, and consequences for offspring. Animal Behaviour, 139, 91-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.03.006

[57] Payo, A., Kobayashi, N., Muñoz-Pérez, J. & Yamada, F. 2008. Predictibilidad de la formación de escarpe en playas de arena en un tanque multidireccional de oleaje. Ciencias Mar. 34(1): pp. 45–54. https://doi:10.7773/cm.v34i1.1265

[58] Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L. & McMahon, T. A. (2007). Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 11(5), 1633–1644. https://doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007

[59] Peñalba Laguna, M. D. L. Á. & Rios Rivera, R. M. (2013). Estudio reproductivo de Chelonia mydas, en la playa de anidación Brasilón en el pacífico sur de Nicaragua (Doctoral dissertation).

[60] Pertiwi, M. P. & Lathifah, S. S. (2019). Conditions of hilling habitat of Chelonia Mydas (Green Turtle) in Pangumbahan Beach Ujung Genteng, Sukabumi Selatan. Journal of Science Innovare, 1(2), 64-67. https://doi.org/10.33751/JSI.V1I02.1003

[61] Pinto, I. & Yee, J. (2011). Diagnóstico de las áreas marinas protegidas y de las áreas marinas para la pesca responsable en el Pacífico panameño. Fundación Marviva, Panama.

[62] Poti, M., Long, S., Rusli, M., Jani, J., Hugé, J. & Dahdouh-Guebas, F. (2021). Changing trends and perceptions of sea turtle egg consumption in Redang Island, Malaysia. Ecology and Society. https://doi.org/10.5751/es-12717-260414

[63] Read, M. A. (1991). Observations on the feeding ecology of immature green turtles, Chelonia mydas, in the Moreton Banks region of Moreton Bay, South East Queensland (Doctoral dissertation, University of Queensland).

[64] Recaséns, A. B. C., García, A. M., Rodríguez, V. T. & Vicario, A. G. (2010). Vulnerabilidad de sitios de anidación de tortugas marinas por efectos de erosión costera en el estado de Campeche. En memoria, 73.

[65] Restrepo, J., Webster, E. G., Ramos, I. & Valverde, R. A. (2023). Recent decline of green turtle Chelonia mydas nesting trend at Tortuguero, Costa Rica. Endangered Species Research, 51, 59-72. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01237

[66] Rivera-Solís, J. A. (2021). Depósitos eólicos del trópico húmedo: caso de la franja marino-costera del este de la Península de Azuero, Panamá. Revista Geográfica de América Central, (66), 79-105.

[67] Rubiano Ciodaro, D. (2011). Caracterización de playas de anidación de tortugas marinas en Isla Fuerte, Bolívar, Caribe Colombiano.

[68] Rueda-Almonacid, J. V., Mittermeier, C. G., Carr, J. L., Mittermeier, R. A., Rodríguez-Mahecha, J. V., ... & Mittermeier, C. G. (2007). Las tortugas y los cocodrilianos de los países andinos del trópico (Serie Guías Tropicales de Campo No. 6). Conservación Internacional.

[69] Salleh, S., Nishizawa, H., Sah, S. & Chowdhury, A. (2020). Reproductive seasonality and environmental effects in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) nesting at Penang Island, Malaysia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 100, 645 - 650. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315420000399

[70] Schulz, J. P. (1975). Sea turtles nesting in Surinam. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 143(1), 1-141.

[71] Seminoff J. A., Resendiz A. & Nichols W. J. (2002) Diet of the east Pacific green turtle, Chelonia mydas, in the central Gulf of California, Mexico. Journal Herpetology 36:447–453

[72] Seminoff, J. A. (2004). Chelonia mydas. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004: Supplementary material.

[73] Seminoff, J. A., Jones, T. T. & Marshall, G. J. (2006). Underwater behaviour of green turtles monitored with video-time-depth recorders: what’s missing from dive profiles? Marine Ecology Progress Series, 322, 269-280.

[74] Sole, G. & Medina, G. (1989). The green turtles of Aves Island. In Eckert SA, Eckert KA, Richardson TH (Compilers) Proc 9th Annu Workshop Sea Turtle Conservation Biology. NOAA Tech Memo NMFS-SEFC-232, US Dept Commerce, Miami, FL (pp. 171-173).

[75] Sunamura, T. (1989). Sandy beach geomorphology elucidated by laboratory modeling. In Elsevier Oceanography Series (Vol. 49, pp. 159-213). Elsevier. https://doi:10.1016/S0422-9894(08)70126-0

[76] Torres, D. A. P., Rangel, J. L. H., Henrique, A. R. B., Ojeda, M. J. D. & Sánchez, N. R. Q. (2012). De tortuga verde (Chelonia mydas) en el refugio de fauna silvestre Isla de Aves, Venezuela. Revista Científica, 22(3).

[77] Valverde-Cantillo, V., Robinson, N. J. & Santidrián Tomillo, P. (2019). Influence of oceanographic conditions on nesting abundance, phenology and internesting periods of east Pacific green turtles. Marine Biology, 166(7), 93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-019-3541-1

[78] Veelenturf, C., Sinclair, E., Leopold, P., Paladino, F. & Honarvar, S. (2021). The effects of nest location and beach environment on hatching success for leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) and green (Chelonia mydas) sea turtles on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Marine Biology, 169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04049-4

[79] Vera, V. & Buitrago, J. (2012). Actividad reproductiva de Chelonia mydas (Testudines: Cheloniidae) en Isla de Aves, Venezuela (2001-2008). Revista de Biología Tropical, 60(2), 745-758.

[80] Whiting, A. U., Chaloupka, M. & Limpus, C. J. (2020). Sampling nesting sea turtles: impact of survey error on trend detection. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 634, 213-223. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13202

[81] Witherington, B. E. (1992). Behavioral responses of nesting sea turtles to artificial lighting. Herpetologica, 31-39.

Cover image

How to Cite

Download Citation

Abstract

Downloads

References

Keywords

Licencia

Most read articles by the same author(s)