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The development of road infrastructure in the Panama Metropolitan Area (PMA) has historically been the engine of national connectivity, but also a constant source of environmental conflicts and degradation of urban ecosystem services. This article evaluates the effectiveness of current Environmental Management Plans (EMP), which are often perceived as static bureaucratic instruments rather than dynamic management tools. The central objective is to propose a simulation framework based on System Dynamics and Discrete Events to quantify the performance of mitigation measures during the construction and operation phases. The methodology integrates vehicle flow variables, surface runoff rates, and noise pollution levels. Three EMP compliance scenarios are simulated: reactive, regulatory, and high impact proactive. The results demonstrate that 65% of current mitigation measures lose effectiveness before completing 50% of the project execution due to climatic variability and monitoring failures. It is concluded that the transition towards "Smart EMPs", fed by simulation models, reduces environmental remediation costs by 40% and improves the social acceptance of the works.
Este obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.
