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Freight rail is a strategic component for logistical competitiveness and environmental sustainability; however, its modal share remains limited. This article conducts a narrative review with systematic criteria on logistics simulation applied to freight rail, with the aim of identifying international trends, research gaps, and projections applicable to Panama. Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Redalyc, SciELO, Dialnet, Latindex and LILACS were consulted (searches between May and September 2025). After screening 150 records, 34 studies were included through thematic analysis and theoretical triangulation. The results are organized into four groups (T1: operational modeling; T2: network optimization; T3: intermodal integration; T4: smart digitization) and converge on three cross-cutting principles: institutional coordination, digital maturity, and intermodality. Gaps remain in total logistics cost (TCO), intermodal last mile, and online adaptive simulation. It is concluded that for Panama, it is recommended to develop a digital twin (DES) of the Divisa node, incorporate fuzzy AHP and TCO in the ex-ante evaluation, apply TOC in phases, and formalize collaborative governance with shared KPIs. It is proposed to institutionalize a railway simulation laboratory and strengthen academia-industry cooperation to accelerate operational learning and avoid the fragmentation observed in other contexts.