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The present article is a reflexive exercise, as well as a proposal, around nature, meaning, aims, value, and perspectives of critical thinking; the purely conceptual dimension of expression is distinguished its semantic scope, as well as that of practical normative nature, and its applicability. This reflection appears structured in five thematic axes articulated around a basic premise, namely: critical thinking is essentially philosophical thought. These thematic axes are expressed as follows: (i) Critical thinking: historical / cultural referential contexts. (ii) What is critical thinking: conceptual framework and conceptual precisions. (iii) The development of critical thinking: self-critical attitude and capabilities logical/argumentative, (iv) The levels of applicability of critical thinking. (v) Critical thinking, democracy, citizenship, and political order. Each of these components can be considered as an autonomous unit and independent, without losing its organic articulation with the rest.