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The essay we present is aimed at showing the process of social differentiation of producers in three agricultural sectors, all this in the three- year period 1936-1939. It takes into account the external determinations, which become internal: the geopolitical moment marked by the advent of the Second World War, which includes the reinforcement/expansion of the North American fortifications and the multiplication of military exercises in the so-called Canal Zone. The review, selection and presentation of the information that appears in national newspapers, duly thematized, constitutes the starting point. These empirical paths are supported by documents that, although they are previous, offer the possibility of placing these circumstantial elements within a structural view of greater scope. The main documents are: Panama in 1915, the Panama Blue Book, the Gold Book, the Roberts Report on the economic situation of Panama and Law n.º 69 of 1934 on customs duties. What appears is the production of sugar cane, cattle, and milk. But it is concluded that the three items show an intense process of social differentiation of producers. Individual capitals (national and foreign) concentrated in a minuscule number of owners, command the production.
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