The Isthmus of Panama in the chronicle of Gaspar de Espinosa is a part of the doctoral research “Panama in the sixteenth century chronicles” whose theme is: “The analysis of the narrative-semantic discourse of the chronicles of Vasco Núñez de Balboa, Martín Fernández of Enciso, Pascual de Andagoya, Pedrarias Dávila, Pedro Cieza de León and Gaspar de Espinosa “, which allow us to know and identify what the socio-cultural, geographical, political and economic aspects of the Isthmus of Panama were like in the first half of the 16th century, during the period of discovery and conquest. Studying the chronicles helps to carry out a historiographical study of our Panamanian literature during the time of discovery and conquest that would allow knowing about what happened during the long period of Spanish rule.