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At the beginning of the 1990s, studies on the maritime cultural landscape emerged with the purpose of analyzing archaeological sites as an integral part of an environment. This perspective proposes integrating archaeological evidence with maritime or naval activities, as well as geographic and oceanographic aspects, among other factors, to understand them as a coherent whole, rather than simply as isolated objects. To date, this approach has not been considered by Guatemalan researchers, who have studied the establishment of the Captaincy General of Guatemala from a traditional perspective that excludes the relevance of maritime enclaves in its foundation and operation. In this context, the present article offers an introduction to the integration of the study of the maritime cultural landscape for the development and performance of the Captaincy General of Guatemala between the 17th and 18th centuries, aiming to highlight the importance of maritime cities in the development of this administrative and political entity.
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