Estrategias jurídicas para la aplicación de normas éticas y deontológicas en el uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicación

Ricardo M. Candanedo Yau

doi:10.48204/contacto.v6n1.8888

Enviado dezembro 5, 2025

Publicado 2026-09-23

Artículos académicos

v. 6 n. 1 (2026): Revista Contacto

Estratégias legais para a aplicação de padrões éticos e deontológicos no uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação

Ricardo M. Candanedo Yau⁺⁻

DOI https://doi.org/10.48204/contacto.v6n1.8888

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DOI: 10.48204/contacto.v6n1.8888

Publicado: 2026-09-23

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Candanedo Yau, R. M. (2026). Estratégias legais para a aplicação de padrões éticos e deontológicos no uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Revista Contacto, 6(1), 297–314. https://doi.org/10.48204/contacto.v6n1.8888

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Resumo

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar e analisar as estratégias legais que apoiam a aplicação de padrões éticos e profissionais no uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs). O estudo concentra-se no exame de marcos regulatórios, políticas institucionais e práticas de regulação ética implementadas em contextos educacionais, administrativos e tecnológicos. A metodologia empregada é uma revisão sistemática descritiva, baseada na coleta, classificação e análise de documentos acadêmicos, legislação e estudos comparativos publicados entre 2015 e 2025, complementada por tabelas de porcentagem para visualizar a frequência das estratégias analisadas. Os resultados mostram que as ações mais recorrentes incluem a atualização de marcos legais, a adoção de códigos de conduta, o fortalecimento de mecanismos de supervisão e a promoção de programas de formação ética relacionados ao uso responsável das TICs. Além disso, houve um aumento nas iniciativas focadas na privacidade de dados, na transparência no uso de algoritmos e na segurança cibernética. Conclui-se que a aplicação efetiva de padrões éticos e profissionais na esfera digital exige estratégias jurídicas abrangentes, flexíveis e coordenadas, capazes de responder aos desafios decorrentes da transformação tecnológica.

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Referências

Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). (2018). ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct (revised 2018). ACM. https://www.acm.org/code-of-ethics
Comisión Europea. (2023). Comisión celebra el acuerdo político sobre el Acta de IA [Comunicado de prensa]. European Commission Press Corner. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_6473
Council of the European Union & European Parliament. (2024). Proposal and consolidated drafts for the Artificial Intelligence Act (Final Draft 21 January 2024). https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/AIA-Final-Draft-21-January-2024.pdf
Dulima Zabala Leal, T., & Gómez Macfarland, C. A. (2024). La responsabilidad civil y la ética en la inteligencia artificial: una revisión sistemática de las ideas del período 2018–2023. Revista IUSTA, (60), 66–93. https://doi.org/10.15332/25005286.9964
España. (2018). Ley Orgánica 3/2018, de 5 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos Personales y garantía de los derechos digitales (LOPDGDD). Boletín Oficial del Estado. https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2018/12/06/pdfs/BOE-A-2018-16673.pdf
European Commission. (2021). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act), COM(2021)206 final. European Commission. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2021:206:FIN
European Parliament. (2023, 6 de diciembre). Artificial Intelligence Act: deal on comprehensive rules for trustworthy AI [Press release]. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20231206IPR15699/artificial-intelligence-act-deal-on-comprehensive-rules-for-trustworthy-ai
European Union. (2016). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 — General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj
Floridi, L., Cowls, J., Beltrametti, M., et al. (2018). AI4People—An ethical framework for a good AI society: opportunities, risks, principles, and recommendations. Minds & Machines, 28(4), 689–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5
Flor-Unda, O., Simbaña, F., Larriva-Novo, X., Acuña, Á., Tipán, R., & Acosta-Vargas, P. (2023). A comprehensive analysis of the worst cybersecurity vulnerabilities in Latin America. Informatics, 10(3), 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics10030071
Garrido, R., Lapostol, J. P., & Hermosilla, M. P. (2021). Transparencia algorítmica en el sector público. GobLab (Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez) y Consejo para la Transparencia. https://goblab.uai.cl/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ESTUDIO-TRANSPARENCIA-ALGORITMICA-EN-EL-SECTOR-PUBLICO-GOBLAB-CPLT-final....pdf
IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems. (2019). Ethically Aligned Design (EAD), Version II (for public discussion). IEEE. https://standards.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/import/documents/other/ead_v2.pdf
Jiménez, Y. (2024). Deontología en el uso de la inteligencia artificial: hacia un futuro responsable. Dialógica. Revista Multidisciplinaria, 21(1), 66–83. https://doi.org/10.56219/dialgica.v21i1.2935
Jobin, A., Ienca, M., & Vayena, E. (2019). The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(9), 389–399. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0088-2
México. (2022). Ley Federal de Protección de Datos Personales en Posesión de los Particulares. Cámara de Diputados. https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LFPDPPP.pdf
Mittelstadt, B. D., Allo, P., Taddeo, M., Wachter, S., & Floridi, L. (2016). The ethics of algorithms: Mapping the debate. Big Data & Society, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951716679679
OECD. (2019). Scoping the OECD AI principles: Deliberations of the Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence at the OECD (AIGO) (OECD Digital Economy Papers No. 291). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/d62f618a-en
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2023). The state of implementation of the OECD AI Principles: Four years on (implementación y seguimiento). OECD. https://oecd.ai/en/consultations/state-of-implementation
Panamá. (2019). Ley 81 de 26 de marzo de 2019 — Sobre Protección de Datos Personales. Gaceta Oficial. https://antai.gob.pa/ley-81-de-proteccion-de-datos-personales-entra-en-vigencia-en-panama/
UNESCO. (2021). Recomendación sobre la Ética de la Inteligencia Artificial. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380455_spa
UNESCO. (2024). Artificial intelligence and democracy (Report / regional analysis building on the Recommendation). UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/artificial-intelligence-and-democracy
United Nations. (2020). Secretary-General’s Roadmap for Digital Cooperation (A/74/821). United Nations. https://undocs.org/en/A/74/821
Veale, M., & Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. (2021). Demystifying the draft EU Artificial Intelligence Act. Computer Law Review International, 22(4), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.9785/cri-2021-220402
Wachter, S., Mittelstadt, B., & Floridi, L. (2017). Why a right to explanation of automated decision-making does not exist in the General Data Protection Regulation. International Data Privacy Law, 7(2), 76–99. https://doi.org/10.1093/idpl/ipx005

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Content Top

[1] Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). (2018). ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct (revised 2018). ACM. https://www.acm.org/code-of-ethics

[2] Comisión Europea. (2023). Comisión celebra el acuerdo político sobre el Acta de IA [Comunicado de prensa]. European Commission Press Corner. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_6473

[3] Council of the European Union & European Parliament. (2024). Proposal and consolidated drafts for the Artificial Intelligence Act (Final Draft 21 January 2024). https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/AIA-Final-Draft-21-January-2024.pdf

[4] Dulima Zabala Leal, T., & Gómez Macfarland, C. A. (2024). La responsabilidad civil y la ética en la inteligencia artificial: una revisión sistemática de las ideas del período 2018–2023. Revista IUSTA, (60), 66–93. https://doi.org/10.15332/25005286.9964

[5] España. (2018). Ley Orgánica 3/2018, de 5 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos Personales y garantía de los derechos digitales (LOPDGDD). Boletín Oficial del Estado. https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2018/12/06/pdfs/BOE-A-2018-16673.pdf

[6] European Commission. (2021). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act), COM(2021)206 final. European Commission. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2021:206:FIN

[7] European Parliament. (2023, 6 de diciembre). Artificial Intelligence Act: deal on comprehensive rules for trustworthy AI [Press release]. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20231206IPR15699/artificial-intelligence-act-deal-on-comprehensive-rules-for-trustworthy-ai

[8] European Union. (2016). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 — General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj

[9] Floridi, L., Cowls, J., Beltrametti, M., et al. (2018). AI4People—An ethical framework for a good AI society: opportunities, risks, principles, and recommendations. Minds & Machines, 28(4), 689–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5

[10] Flor-Unda, O., Simbaña, F., Larriva-Novo, X., Acuña, Á., Tipán, R., & Acosta-Vargas, P. (2023). A comprehensive analysis of the worst cybersecurity vulnerabilities in Latin America. Informatics, 10(3), 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics10030071

[11] Garrido, R., Lapostol, J. P., & Hermosilla, M. P. (2021). Transparencia algorítmica en el sector público. GobLab (Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez) y Consejo para la Transparencia. https://goblab.uai.cl/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ESTUDIO-TRANSPARENCIA-ALGORITMICA-EN-EL-SECTOR-PUBLICO-GOBLAB-CPLT-final....pdf

[12] IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems. (2019). Ethically Aligned Design (EAD), Version II (for public discussion). IEEE. https://standards.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/import/documents/other/ead_v2.pdf

[13] Jiménez, Y. (2024). Deontología en el uso de la inteligencia artificial: hacia un futuro responsable. Dialógica. Revista Multidisciplinaria, 21(1), 66–83. https://doi.org/10.56219/dialgica.v21i1.2935

[14] Jobin, A., Ienca, M., & Vayena, E. (2019). The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(9), 389–399. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0088-2

[15] México. (2022). Ley Federal de Protección de Datos Personales en Posesión de los Particulares. Cámara de Diputados. https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LFPDPPP.pdf

[16] Mittelstadt, B. D., Allo, P., Taddeo, M., Wachter, S., & Floridi, L. (2016). The ethics of algorithms: Mapping the debate. Big Data & Society, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951716679679

[17] OECD. (2019). Scoping the OECD AI principles: Deliberations of the Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence at the OECD (AIGO) (OECD Digital Economy Papers No. 291). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/d62f618a-en

[18] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2023). The state of implementation of the OECD AI Principles: Four years on (implementación y seguimiento). OECD. https://oecd.ai/en/consultations/state-of-implementation

[19] Panamá. (2019). Ley 81 de 26 de marzo de 2019 — Sobre Protección de Datos Personales. Gaceta Oficial. https://antai.gob.pa/ley-81-de-proteccion-de-datos-personales-entra-en-vigencia-en-panama/

[20] UNESCO. (2021). Recomendación sobre la Ética de la Inteligencia Artificial. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380455_spa

[21] UNESCO. (2024). Artificial intelligence and democracy (Report / regional analysis building on the Recommendation). UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/artificial-intelligence-and-democracy

[22] United Nations. (2020). Secretary-General’s Roadmap for Digital Cooperation (A/74/821). United Nations. https://undocs.org/en/A/74/821

[23] Veale, M., & Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. (2021). Demystifying the draft EU Artificial Intelligence Act. Computer Law Review International, 22(4), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.9785/cri-2021-220402

[24] Wachter, S., Mittelstadt, B., & Floridi, L. (2017). Why a right to explanation of automated decision-making does not exist in the General Data Protection Regulation. International Data Privacy Law, 7(2), 76–99. https://doi.org/10.1093/idpl/ipx005

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