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Medical supplies are those products that are essential for the health care process of the population. Due to their perishable and disposable nature, they represent a challenge for the supply chains of health systems. Developing countries such as ours are more affected by phenomena such as the absence and shortages of these supplies. A documentary review was conducted using open-access databases such as Google Scholar, Redalyc, and Scielo, focusing on articles published between 2014 and 2023. Although the studies were conducted in different Latin American countries, the problems were recurrent: errors in recording expiration dates, the preponderance of physical inventory, absence of procedure manuals, lack of infrastructure, lack of training and workshops on inventory management, personnel resistance to change, lack of personnel, lack of knowledge of the processes of reception, storage, and distribution. This study highlights the importance of the medical product supply chain in ensuring efficient, safe, and high-quality inventory management that meets healthcare needs. The perishable and disposable nature of these supplies impacts supply chain management in primary healthcare facilities. The study aims to optimize inventory control of medical products in primary healthcare facilities in the Republic of Panama.