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With the aim of establishing the processes necessary for the efficient production and distribution of semiconductors, the study explains the evolution and risks of the global semiconductor supply chain, considered an essential industry in the digital age. It analyzes how globalization and regionalization have impacted chip production and distribution, highlighting current challenges such as material shortages and sustainability. A qualitative and documentary approach was used, based on the review of academic literature and specialized sources on the semiconductor supply chain that explain the topic from its beginnings to the present, allowing to summarize the process up to the present. The article identified five main critical situations: the global shortage of chips, the shortage of critical materials, geopolitical tensions, short life cycles and the need for sustainability, showing digitalization and diversification as solutions to face critical situations. It concludes that the semiconductor supply chain is in a critical phase of transformation driven by technology and political tensions, envisioning regional diversification and sustainability to ensure its future.