Copyright (c) 2026 Revista Científica Guacamaya

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This systematic review examines the pragmatic functions of WhatsApp stickers (digital graphic resources used in instant messaging communication) as multimodal markers that compensate for the absence of prosody in digital discourse. Following a qualitative-descriptive design, the paper analyzes how these visual markers facilitate irony, mitigate social friction, and reduce cognitive effort during interpretation. Based on pragmatic theory, the study synthesizes empirical evidence demonstrating that stickers are not merely decorative, but essential tools for conveying intent in digital interaction. Finally, the review exposes the conclusions yielded by literature analysis, identifies research gaps and proposes future lines of research on usage frequency in professional environments.