The research article proposes an approach to the current status of the construction of expository texts, in first-year students of the Spanish Career at Universidad de Panama. This study starts with the cognitive, communicative and sociocultural approach of the Cuban researcher, Angelina Roméu. This concern arises due to the large number of deficiencies presented by admission students at the Spanish School when preparing effective writing. The methodology includes the theoretical contribution that textual linguistics provides, specifically the cognitive, communicative, and sociocultural theory already mentioned. Pedagogical instruments are applied both to verify the status of the issue and examine documents. It concludes with the certainty of the urgent need to establish methodological changes in the teaching of textual construction, that is, to carry out more practical activities and strategies that treat writing as a process rather than a result.