4D printing has emerged as a significant evolution of 3D printing, integrating smart materials capable of changing their properties in response to environmental stimuli. This technology has the potential to revolutionize construction by enabling the creation of adaptive structures that can respond dynamically to conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pressure.The objective of this study is to provide a prospective view on the future of adaptive structures in construction, exploring how 4D printing can transform this field. Emerging trends, current challenges, and future opportunities are analyzed to contribute to existing knowledge and guide future research. A comprehensive review of the state of the art was conducted, utilizing relevant scientific databases to identify key articles on 4D printing in construction. The selected studies were evaluated based on their thematic relevance, contribution to knowledge, and
methodological quality, focusing on smart materials, manufacturing technologies, practical applications, and barriers to implementation. The results indicate that, although 4D printing offers significant advantages in terms of adaptability and sustainability, its large-scale adoption faces considerable challenges. These include the durability of materials, high production costs, and the lack of clear regulations. However, future projections suggest that the development of new materials and the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and IoT could overcome these barriers. This study underscores the importance of 4D printing in the future of construction, highlighting both its advantages and limitations. It is recommended to continue research in this area, with a focus on creating regulations and developing more affordable and durable materials. The impact of these innovations could be significant, transforming the way we conceive and build.
