Copyright (c) 2026 José A. Olmos Morales., Dianelle Soto.
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Introduction: Uterine carcinosarcoma is a rare and highly aggressive endometrial neoplasm, recognized as a high-grade endometrial carcinoma with sarcomatous transdifferentiation.
Declaración de conflicto de intereses: Los autores declaran que no existe conflicto de interés alguno asociado en la publicación de este manuscrito. El estudio corresponde a una revisión retrospectiva sin intervención directa. Los datos fueron anonimizados antes del análisis y no se incluyeron identificadores personales en la base analítica. El protocolo se mantiene alineado con las aprobaciones del comité de ética institucional y las. Normas de confidencialidad vigentes.
Objective: To describe the clinical and pathological characteristics, treatment modalities, and oncological outcomes of patients with uterine carcinosarcoma treated at the National Cancer Institute of Panama.
Method: This was a retrospective, observational case series study. A total of 157 medical records were reviewed, and 71 patients diagnosed between January 2013 and December 2020 were included. Follow-up ended on December 31, 2023. Descriptive analysis and survival estimates were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Overall survival was defined as the time from histological diagnosis to death from any cause or censoring; disease-free survival was assessed in patients who achieved a disease-free status following primary treatment.
Results: The mean age was 65.9 years; 93.0% were postmenopausal. FIGO stage III–IV disease was observed in 52.1%. Surgery was performed in 90.1%, chemotherapy in 77.5%, and radiation therapy in 70.4%. During follow-up, 47 deaths occurred (66.2%). The median overall survival was 20.2 months; overall survival at 12 and 36 months was 58.9% and 36.9%, respectively. Among 48 patients evaluable for recurrence, the 36-month disease-free survival rate was 68.8%; in the composite analysis of recurrence or death, it was 37.3%.
Conclusions: This series confirms the aggressive nature of uterine carcinosarcoma, with a predominance of postmenopausal cases, a high proportion of advanced disease, and limited overall survival.
