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The terms stress, general adaptation syndrome (GAS) and general alarm reaction are synonymous, and indicate a physiological answer that it takes place belore stressing stimulus and that helps the organism to adapt to fight or to tlee. The absence or the excess of stress is harmlul lor the organism, whereas the optimal amount of stress is essential lor the lile, the growth and the survival. Three phases of the GAS are recognized that is: alarm, resistance and exhaustion. During these phases they are working three physiological axes that sequentially they are the neural sxis, the neural endocrine axis and the axis endocrino. The neural axis is characterized by the increase of the muscular tone, the corporal paralyzation, the reaction of cortical alert and the massive unloading of the likeable one. The neural-endocrine axis consists of the secretion of adrenalin and noradrenaline by the sdrenal marrow and its corporal consequences. The endocrine axis is characterized by the activation of the functional hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal cortex-cortisol axis. Cortisoi is the main hormone of the stress whose short term actions are essential lor the lile, but its long term excess is harmlul because a total lault of the organism takes place and diminishes the corporal capacity of resistance. Multiple pathologies associated to stress exist and the symptoms that indicate their presence are of emotional type, of behavior, intellectual and physicist.
