Analyzing the challenges of linguistics in oral communication from a global perspective aimed at understanding speech acts not as declarative knowledge but integrated into real communicative contexts is the basis of this article. For this purpose, the qualitative approach is considered under the conception of a documentary theoretical research based on a bibliographic design, analytical and interpretive-critical. The data collection techniques and tools used are documentary observation, content analysis and a record matrix of revised secondary information sources. As final considerations it is proposed that the challenges are oriented in understanding the conception of oral language as a practice in which discursive reality is part of different social and cultural contexts; acceptance of multilingualism as a trait to respond to linguistic diversity. All this involves expanding the development of language standards by following the pragmatic and sociocultural conventions involved in the work of training competent speakers, in globalized and technological contexts.