The document was prepared for the presentation of the book in a virtual activity organized by the University of Panama. The review is a first approach to the text and tries to synthesize central aspects in which Roberto Ayala places the individual-society discussion within the framework of Sociology, based on Marxism, but incorporating the best contributions of other theories. With the aim of refuting the possibilism and fatalistic determinism present in the Social Sciences, in the context of the capitalist society that constrains individuality, freedom and emancipation in a way that contradicts the advancement of the historical-social conditions created by the human being. Therefore, emphasis was placed on two themes developed at length in the book: individuality and freedom. These themes were developed from the author's criticism of methodological individualism, especially in its instrumental version of the theory of rational choice. Thus, the central argument, to confront the idea of ??the indeterminate and dehistoricized individual or holistic determinisms, revolves around the individual as a social being. This means that individuality arises in society, but without the individual there is no society. Likewise, freedom is a social condition, and a concept achieved within the framework of social evolution. Therefore, it opposes the understanding of subjective intentionality separated from the different social planes in which individuals interact and postulates the difference between individual freedom and institutionalized individuality.