This work was aimed to determine the diversity and abundance of the aquatic insects community associated to leaf litter, 8 sampled stations were established from September 2015 to February 2017, in the river of Vista Mares the Cerro Azul, province of Panama. At each station two samples of leaf litter. Was explained the specific richness, dominance and similarity between stations. 1299 individuals were collected, distributed in 8 orders, 25 families and 30 genera. The 5 most abundant decreasing order number were: Diptera, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera and Odonata. The most abundant subfamilies were: Tanypodinae Orthocladiinae y Chironominae. The most abundant genera are: Chimarra sp., Macrelmis sp., Farrodes sp., Cernotina sp., Argia sp. We have concluded that the Vista Mares river and the sampled stations have appropriate conditions to the diversity and abundance the community of insects aquatic, which was higher in the dry season than in the rainy season.