With the main objective of determining the diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates and water quality of the upper watershed of the Chiriqui Viejo River, two samples per month, from March to July 2013 were collected from four sampling stations. Samples were collected using triangular net of areas of watercourse and entomological tweezers for manual sampling. A total of 6,182 individuals belonging to 110 genera, 58 families, 16 orders, in nine classes, five phyla of aquatic macroinvertebrates were identified. The water quality between stations inside and outside the protected area is different. In the protected area there is a greater diversity and therefore higher quality of water.