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This article presents a theoretical and analytical review of the training and development subsystem and its strategic integration with Human Talent Management (HTM). Its role as a key determinant of organizational productivity and job satisfaction is examined, based on a review of specialized scientific literature and recent empirical findings. Results show that organizations aligning their training investments with performance evaluation systems and institutional competency profiles achieve higher levels of development in this subsystem. It is concluded that training transcends its traditional conception as an operational expense to become a strategic investment that enhances human capital competencies, promotes organizational adaptability, and strengthens business competitiveness in the global market.