Evaluación tecnofuncional del mesocarpio de Cocos Nucifera L para aplicaciones agroindustriales

Luis Eduardo Zúñiga Moreno; Daniela Chilán Carrasco; Ana Arellano Arcentales; Doris Guilcamaigua Anchatuña

doi:10.48204/j.centros.v15n2.a9319

Enviado enero 30, 2026

Publicado 2026-07-01

Artículos científicos

Vol. 15 Núm. 2 (2026): Centros Revista Científica Universitaria

Evaluación tecnofuncional del mesocarpio de Cocos Nucifera L para aplicaciones agroindustriales

Luis Eduardo Zúñiga Moreno⁺⁻
Daniela Chilán Carrasco ⁺⁻
Ana Arellano Arcentales ⁺⁻
Doris Guilcamaigua Anchatuña ⁺⁻

DOI https://doi.org/10.48204/j.centros.v15n2.a9319

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DOI: 10.48204/j.centros.v15n2.a9319

Publicado: 2026-07-01

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Zúñiga Moreno, L. E., Chilán Carrasco , D., Arellano Arcentales , A., & Guilcamaigua Anchatuña , D. (2026). Evaluación tecnofuncional del mesocarpio de Cocos Nucifera L para aplicaciones agroindustriales. Centros: Revista Científica Universitaria, 15(2), 49–70. https://doi.org/10.48204/j.centros.v15n2.a9319

Derechos de autor 2026 Centros: Revista Científica Universitaria

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.

Resumen

Cocos nucifera L., originaria de los trópicos costeros del indo-pacífico y de las Américas, es una palmera perenne perteneciente a la familia Arecaceae. Su uso tradicional está centrado en la explotación de sus frutos; sin embargo, alrededor del 35% de su fracción fibrosa es desechada. Estos residuos contienen diversos compuestos con propiedades biológicas que mejoran características funcionales, nutricionales y organolépticas en los alimentos. Este estudio caracterizó las propiedades fisicoquímicas, tecnológicas y microbiológicas del mesocarpio de coco. Las muestras fueron deshidratadas y pulverizadas hasta obtener una matriz seca, se analizaron parámetro fisicoquímicos, tecnológicos y microbiológicos que permitieron identificar su composición y propiedades funcionales. El mesocarpio de coco constituye una matriz estable, de baja humedad. Sus propiedades funcionales muestran una capacidad de absorción y retención de agua y aceite significativa, además de resistencia a la disolución total en medios acuosos. El perfil microbiológico del mesocarpio cumple con los límites establecidos en la norma NTE INEN 616:2015 demostrando que es un ingrediente inocuo. Estos hallazgos destacan el potencial de esta materia prima para el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales, contribuyendo así a la valorización de este subproducto agrícola.

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[1] Ahmad Khorairi, A. N. S., Sofian-Seng, N. S., Othaman, R., Abdul Rahman, H., Mohd Razali, N. S., Lim, S. J., y Wan Mustapha, W. A (2023). A review on agro-industrial waste as cellulose and nanocellulose sources and their potential in food applications. Food Reviews International, 39(2), 663-688. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2021.1926478

[2] Alp, D., y Bulantekin, Ö. (2021). The microbiological quality of various foods dried by applying different drying methods: a review. European Food Research and Technology, 247(6), 1333–1343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-021-03731-z

[3] Arumugam, T., y Hatta, M. (2022). Improving coconut using modern breeding technologies: Challenges and opportunities. Plants, 11(24), 3414. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11243414

[4] Asoka, M., Abu, G., y Agwa, O. (2021). Proximate and physicochemical composition of oil palm empty fruit bunch. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17(1), 026-032. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.17.1.0299

[5] Association of Official Agriculture Chemists. (2012). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC (19th ed., Vol. 1). Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA: AOAC International.

[6] Awol, S. M., Kuyu, C. G., y Bereka, T. Y. (2023). Physicochemical stability, microbial growth, and sensory quality of teff flour as affected by packaging materials during storage. LWT, 189, 115488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2023.115488

[7] Barbosa, B. M., Vaz Jr. S., Colodette, J. L., De Aguiar, A. R., Cabral, C. P. T., y de Freitas, B. (2022). Structural and chemical characterization of lignin and hemicellulose isolated from corn fibers toward agroindustrial residue valorization. Cellulose, 29, 8117 - 8132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04769-2

[8] Baji?, B., Vu?urovi?, D., Vasi?, D., Jevti?-Mu?ibabi?, R. y Dodi?, S. (2022). Biotechnological production of sustainable microbial proteins from agro-industrial residues and by-products. Foods, 12(1), 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12010107

[9] Berhanu, H., Kiflie, Z., Miranda, I., Lourenço, A., Ferreira, J., Feleke, S., ... y Pereira, H. (2018). Characterization of crop residues from false banana (Ensete ventricosum) in Ethiopia in view of a full-resource valorization. PLOS ONE, 13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199422.

[10] Björneholm, O., Ohrwall, G., De Brito, A. N., Ågren, H. y Carravetta, V. (2022). Superficial tale of two functional groups: on the surface propensity of aqueous carboxylic acids, alkyl amines, and amino acids. Accounts of Chemical Research, 55(23), 3285–3293. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00494

[11] Bogner, P., Schlapp-Hackl, I., Hummel, M., Bechtold, T., Pham, T., y Manian, A. P. (2024). Carboxymethylation of viscose and cotton fibers: comparisons of water retention and moisture sorption. Cellulose, 31(15), 9455–9469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-06144-9

[12] Dukare, A., Bibwe, B., Samota, M. K., Dawange, S., Kumar, M., y Lorenzo, J. M. (2022). Assessment of bioactive compounds, physicochemical properties, and microbial attributes of hot air–dried mango seed kernel powder: An approach for quality and safety evaluation of hot air–dried mango seed kernel powder. Food Analytical Methods, 15(10), 2675–2690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-022-02318-y

[13] Elkatry, H., Ahmed, A., El-Beltagi, H., Mohamed, H., y Eshak, N. (2022). Biological activities of grape seed by-products and their potential use as natural sources of food additives in the production of Balady bread. Foods, 11(13), 1948. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11131948

[14] Elroi, H., Zbigniew, G., Agnieszka, W. C., y Piotr, S. (2023). Enhancing waste resource efficiency: circular economy for sustainability and energy conversion. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11, 1303792. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1303792

[15] Figueiredo, A. L., Sousa, J. F., Pedroza, M. M., y Bezerra, M. B. (2022). Straight pyrolysis of coconut husk in a rotating cylinder reactor and product characterization. Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas. 16(3). https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0008

[16] García-Mahecha, M., Soto-Valdez, H., Peralta, E., Carvajal-Millan, E., Madera-Santana, T. J., Lomelí-Ramírez, M. G., y Colín-Chávez, C. (2023). Production and characterization of cellulosic pulp from mango agro-industrial waste and potential applications. Polymers, 15(15), 3163. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15153163

[17] Ghavidel, N., y Fatehi, P. (2021). Recent developments in the formulation and use of polymers and particles of plant?based origin for emulsion stabilizations. ChemSusChem, 14(22), 4850–4877. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202101359

[18] González-Delgado, Á., Villabona-Ortíz, Á., y Tejada-Tovar, C. (2022). Evaluation of three biomaterials from coconut mesocarp for use in water treatments polluted with an anionic dye. Water, 14(3), 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030408.

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