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Observations of the tree, pasture, and soil components were conducted on a six-year-old silvopastoral plot of Dalbergia retusa Hemsi, with Panicum maximum C.V. BRS Zuri under grazing. Survival (67%) and DBH (10.7 cm) were similar to those found in humid, infertile Neotropical environments, but total height (7.3 m) was higher. The mean annual increment (MAI) for total height was 1.0 m/year and 1.5 cm/year for diameter. The frequency of cylindrical trunks was 36%, with less than 20% having a cross-sectional area of less than 20%, and a higher prevalence of twisted trunks (more than 50%). The remaining trees were classified as having slanted, forked, or suppressed trunks. Dry matter production (11.50 tons/ha/year) was 60% lower than the reported potential for the cultivar, a result attributed to low soil fertility and the possible effect of tree shade. Crude protein values ranged from 8.25% to 11.35%, within the range of values for the cultivar. At the soil level, pH, as well as calcium, magnesium, and organic matter, showed values higher than the original condition, especially in the top 5 cm of depth, while phosphorus was slightly lower. The combination of cocobolo trees with improved pasture proved successful, both in terms of tree establishment and initial growth, as well as the utilization of the pasture through cattle grazing and the improvement of important soil characteristics.
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