Las  modificaciones del ser humano por la tecnología: una orientación teórica para contribuir a un nuevo posible paradigma de la subjetividad.

Flavio Bianchi

doi:10.48204/j.orbis.v10n2.a9716

Enviado abril 12, 2026

Publicado 2026-07-22

Artículos

v. 10 n. 2 (2026): Revista Científica Orbis Cognita

As modificações do ser humano pela tecnologia: uma orientação teórica para contribuir com um possível novo paradigma de subjetividade

Flavio Bianchi⁺⁻

DOI https://doi.org/10.48204/j.orbis.v10n2.a9716

Referências

DOI: 10.48204/j.orbis.v10n2.a9716

Publicado: 2026-07-22

Como Citar

Bianchi, F. (2026). As modificações do ser humano pela tecnologia: uma orientação teórica para contribuir com um possível novo paradigma de subjetividade. Revista Científica Orbis Cógnita, 10(2), 66–94. https://doi.org/10.48204/j.orbis.v10n2.a9716

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Resumo

O presente estudo aborda a crise do paradigma humanista clássico perante a intensificação da modificação tecnológica do ser humano (BCI, próteses avançadas, IAG). Postular um novo arcabouço analítico, denominado subjetividade co-enativa, para explicar como as tecnologias redefinem a raiz constitutiva da subjetividade, a agência e a normatividade. A pesquisa é de caráter documental-exploratório, baseada em uma análise de conteúdo qualitativa dedutivo-indutiva. Examinam-se as limitações do enativismo clássico (Autopoiese e Alopoiese) para, posteriormente, articular uma base teórica alternativa em diálogo com a teoria da individuação de Simondon e a ontologia performativa de Barad. Propõe-se a Heteropoiese Relacional como o princípio de gênese e a co-enativação como o mecanismo operacional do novo sistema subjetivo. Este quadro supera o fechamento biológico estrito e o engano da exterioridade ao reconhecer a dependência constitutiva e a incorporação fenomenológica de elementos heteropoiéticos. A subjetividade co-enativa emerge como uma montagem híbrida e metaestável, exigindo a formulação de uma ética que transcenda a responsabilidades individuales, focada em princípios de transparência algorítmica, reversibilidade por precariedade estrutural e justiça de acesso perante as assimetrias tecnológicas.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

Alimardani, M., & Hiraki, K. (2017). Development of a real-time brain-computer interface for interactive robot therapy: an exploration of eeg and emg features during hypnosis. Int. J. Comput. Electric. Autom. Control Inform. Eng, 11, 187-195.
Barad, K. (2007). Conociendo el universo a mitad de camino: la física cuántica y el enredo de la materia y el significado. In. Durham: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822388128
Campagnoli, M. A., & Di Pego, A. (2023). Presentación del Dossier: Feminismos y posthumanismo. Resistances. Journal of the Philosophy of History, 4(7).
Clark, A., & Chalmers, D. (2011). La mente extendida. KRK Oviedo.
Di Paolo, E. A., Buhrmann, T., & Barandiaran, X. E. (2017). Sensorimotor life: An enactive proposal. Oxford University Press.
Díaz Sabán, M. L. (2022). Medios inmersivos como experiencias corporizadas. De la creación de metaversos, y otras realidades extendidas, desde el cuerpo y su movimiento.
Ferrando, D. (2024). Subjetividad y sobremodernidad. Intercambio Psicoanalítico, 15(1), 23-33.
Froese, T., Weber, N., Shpurov, I., & Ikegami, T. (2023). From autopoiesis to self-optimization: Toward an enactive model of biological regulation. Biosystems, 230, 104959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.104959
Gallagher, S. (2023). Embodied and Enactive Approaches to Cognition. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/9781009209793
Gao, T. (2025). From Disembodiment to Cosmic Ethics: The Evolution of Posthuman Subjectivity in Ted Chiang’s “Exhalation”. English Studies, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/0013838X.2025.2522212
García, E. (2023). Affectivity in mental disorders: an enactive-simondonian approach. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-023-09929-8
Hildt, E. (2013). Cognitive Enhancement – A Critical Look at the Recent Debate. In E. Hildt & A. G. Franke (Eds.), Cognitive Enhancement: An Interdisciplinary Perspective (pp. 1-14). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6253-4_1
Hildt, E. (2015). What will this do to me and my brain? Ethical issues in brain-to-brain interfacing [Perspective]. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Volume 9 - 2015.
Lebedev, M. A., & Nicolelis, M. A. L. (2006). Brain–machine interfaces: past, present and future. Trends in Neurosciences, 29(9), 536-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2006.07.004
Malafouris, L. (2019). Mind and material engagement. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 18(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-018-9606-7
Marasco, P. D., Hebert, J. S., Sensinger, J. W., Shell, C. E., Schofield, J. S., Thumser, Z. C.,…Orzell, B. M. (2018). Illusory movement perception improves motor control for prosthetic hands. Science Translational Medicine, 10(432), eaao6990. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aao6990
Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. J. (1980). Autopoiesis and cognition: The realization of the living (Vol. 42). Springer Science & Business Media.
Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. J. (2012). Autopoiesis and cognition: The realization of the living (Vol. 42). Springer Science & Business Media.
Metzger, S. L., Littlejohn, K. T., Silva, A. B., Moses, D. A., Seaton, M. P., Wang, R.,…Chang, E. F. (2023). A high-performance neuroprosthesis for speech decoding and avatar control. Nature, 620(7976), 1037-1046. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06443-4
Millière, R. (2024). Philosophy of cognitive science in the age of deep learning. WIREs Cognitive Science, 15(5), e1684. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1684
Ouyang, L., Wu, J., Jiang, X., Almeida, D., Wainwright, C., Mishkin, P.,…Ray, A. (2022). Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback. Advances in neural information processing systems, 35, 27730-27744.
Rivera-Novoa, A., & Duarte Arias, D. A. (2025). Generative Artificial Intelligence and Extended Cognition in Science Learning Contexts. Science & Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-025-00660-1
Sharon, T. (2014). Posthuman Subjectivity: Beyond Modern Metaphysics. In T. Sharon (Ed.), Human Nature in an Age of Biotechnology: The Case for Mediated Posthumanism (pp. 135-174). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7554-1_6
Siedl, S. M., & Mara, M. (2021). Exoskeleton acceptance and its relationship to self-efficacy enhancement, perceived usefulness, and physical relief: A field study among logistics workers. Wearable Technologies, 2, e10, Article e10. https://doi.org/10.1017/wtc.2021.10
Simondon, G. (1958). Psychosociologie de la technicité (1960-1961). Hors collection, 25-129.
Simondon, G. (2014). Imagination et invention (1965-1966). Presses universitaires de France.
Suchman, L. A. (2007). Human-machine reconfigurations: Plans and situated actions. Cambridge university press.
Thompson, E. (2005). Sensorimotor subjectivity and the enactive approach to experience. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 4(4), 407-427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-005-9003-x
Varela, F. J., Rosch, E., & Thompson, E. (1991). The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience. The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/6730.001.0001
Vnutskikh, A., & Komarov, S. (2023, 2023//). Technogenic Subjectivity and Its Social Projections. Science and Global Challenges of the 21st Century – Innovations and Technologies in Interdisciplinary Applications, Cham.
Willett, F. R., Kunz, E. M., Fan, C., Avansino, D. T., Wilson, G. H., Choi, E. Y.,…Henderson, J. M. (2023). A high-performance speech neuroprosthesis. Nature, 620(7976), 1031-1036. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06377-x

Palavras-chave

Resumen visto - 1 veces

Licencia

Este obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.

Content Top

[1] Alimardani, M., & Hiraki, K. (2017). Development of a real-time brain-computer interface for interactive robot therapy: an exploration of eeg and emg features during hypnosis. Int. J. Comput. Electric. Autom. Control Inform. Eng, 11, 187-195.

[2] Barad, K. (2007). Conociendo el universo a mitad de camino: la física cuántica y el enredo de la materia y el significado. In. Durham: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822388128

[3] Campagnoli, M. A., & Di Pego, A. (2023). Presentación del Dossier: Feminismos y posthumanismo. Resistances. Journal of the Philosophy of History, 4(7).

[4] Clark, A., & Chalmers, D. (2011). La mente extendida. KRK Oviedo.

[5] Di Paolo, E. A., Buhrmann, T., & Barandiaran, X. E. (2017). Sensorimotor life: An enactive proposal. Oxford University Press.

[6] Díaz Sabán, M. L. (2022). Medios inmersivos como experiencias corporizadas. De la creación de metaversos, y otras realidades extendidas, desde el cuerpo y su movimiento.

[7] Ferrando, D. (2024). Subjetividad y sobremodernidad. Intercambio Psicoanalítico, 15(1), 23-33.

[8] Froese, T., Weber, N., Shpurov, I., & Ikegami, T. (2023). From autopoiesis to self-optimization: Toward an enactive model of biological regulation. Biosystems, 230, 104959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.104959

[9] Gallagher, S. (2023). Embodied and Enactive Approaches to Cognition. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/9781009209793

[10] Gao, T. (2025). From Disembodiment to Cosmic Ethics: The Evolution of Posthuman Subjectivity in Ted Chiang’s “Exhalation”. English Studies, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/0013838X.2025.2522212

[11] García, E. (2023). Affectivity in mental disorders: an enactive-simondonian approach. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-023-09929-8

[12] Hildt, E. (2013). Cognitive Enhancement – A Critical Look at the Recent Debate. In E. Hildt & A. G. Franke (Eds.), Cognitive Enhancement: An Interdisciplinary Perspective (pp. 1-14). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6253-4_1

[13] Hildt, E. (2015). What will this do to me and my brain? Ethical issues in brain-to-brain interfacing [Perspective]. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Volume 9 - 2015.

[14] Lebedev, M. A., & Nicolelis, M. A. L. (2006). Brain–machine interfaces: past, present and future. Trends in Neurosciences, 29(9), 536-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2006.07.004

[15] Malafouris, L. (2019). Mind and material engagement. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 18(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-018-9606-7

[16] Marasco, P. D., Hebert, J. S., Sensinger, J. W., Shell, C. E., Schofield, J. S., Thumser, Z. C.,…Orzell, B. M. (2018). Illusory movement perception improves motor control for prosthetic hands. Science Translational Medicine, 10(432), eaao6990. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aao6990

[17] Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. J. (1980). Autopoiesis and cognition: The realization of the living (Vol. 42). Springer Science & Business Media.

[18] Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. J. (2012). Autopoiesis and cognition: The realization of the living (Vol. 42). Springer Science & Business Media.

[19] Metzger, S. L., Littlejohn, K. T., Silva, A. B., Moses, D. A., Seaton, M. P., Wang, R.,…Chang, E. F. (2023). A high-performance neuroprosthesis for speech decoding and avatar control. Nature, 620(7976), 1037-1046. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06443-4

[20] Millière, R. (2024). Philosophy of cognitive science in the age of deep learning. WIREs Cognitive Science, 15(5), e1684. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1684

[21] Ouyang, L., Wu, J., Jiang, X., Almeida, D., Wainwright, C., Mishkin, P.,…Ray, A. (2022). Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback. Advances in neural information processing systems, 35, 27730-27744.

[22] Rivera-Novoa, A., & Duarte Arias, D. A. (2025). Generative Artificial Intelligence and Extended Cognition in Science Learning Contexts. Science & Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-025-00660-1

[23] Sharon, T. (2014). Posthuman Subjectivity: Beyond Modern Metaphysics. In T. Sharon (Ed.), Human Nature in an Age of Biotechnology: The Case for Mediated Posthumanism (pp. 135-174). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7554-1_6

[24] Siedl, S. M., & Mara, M. (2021). Exoskeleton acceptance and its relationship to self-efficacy enhancement, perceived usefulness, and physical relief: A field study among logistics workers. Wearable Technologies, 2, e10, Article e10. https://doi.org/10.1017/wtc.2021.10

[25] Simondon, G. (1958). Psychosociologie de la technicité (1960-1961). Hors collection, 25-129.

[26] Simondon, G. (2014). Imagination et invention (1965-1966). Presses universitaires de France.

[27] Suchman, L. A. (2007). Human-machine reconfigurations: Plans and situated actions. Cambridge university press.

[28] Thompson, E. (2005). Sensorimotor subjectivity and the enactive approach to experience. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 4(4), 407-427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-005-9003-x

[29] Varela, F. J., Rosch, E., & Thompson, E. (1991). The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience. The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/6730.001.0001

[30] Vnutskikh, A., & Komarov, S. (2023, 2023//). Technogenic Subjectivity and Its Social Projections. Science and Global Challenges of the 21st Century – Innovations and Technologies in Interdisciplinary Applications, Cham.

[31] Willett, F. R., Kunz, E. M., Fan, C., Avansino, D. T., Wilson, G. H., Choi, E. Y.,…Henderson, J. M. (2023). A high-performance speech neuroprosthesis. Nature, 620(7976), 1031-1036. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06377-x

Imagem de capa

Como Citar

Baixar Citação

Resumo

Downloads

Referências

Palavras-chave

Licencia