The grammar of the Spanish language is continually enriched by the communicative needs of its speakers, which is why it is essential to understand how our language works, as this facilitates the development of competency skills related to the proper use of the language in various communicative contexts. The topic we are dealing with corresponds to the area of ??morphology, specifically on relational adjectives. Our objective is to analyze the most common morphological, syntactic and semantic features of relational adjectives in order to understand the different behaviors that these units can assume in their relationship with other words in syntactic constructions.

The study is part of a qualitative descriptive project that attempts, in addition to outlining a bibliographic review of the topic, to examine a sample of 20 news journalistic texts from various areas: local, economic, judicial and political. These texts were collected from the newspaper La Prensa de Panamá during the first week of October 2023. From this corpus, all the relational adjectives used in the construction of the texts were identified and their structure was reviewed to determine the predominance of the suffixes used in their formation. Likewise, the differentiating features exposed by some grammarians (Bosque, 1993; Demonte, 1999; Castaño, 2009; Royal Spanish Academy and the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, 2010).) were applied to the sample. The results show substantial differences in the morphological, syntactic and semantic features between relational adjectives and qualifying adjectives. Regarding the procedures for forming relational adjectives, the frequent use of the suffix al prevails, as recorded in other research. The present study is interesting because this class of adjectives was incorporated into the classification of adjectives with the, (RAE & ASALE, 2010), which is why its dissemination is necessary.