This study aimed at identifying aquatic insects communities in two major watersheds for Panama Canal, Indio and Gatun rivers and their water quality was carried out in 2007 and 2008, both in the lower and upper sections of both rivers. From diversity indices, biological indicators, number of orders, families and individuals per family for each river it was concluded that the water quality in both rivers is good, although the Gatun river seems to have better environmental conditions for greater presence and diversity of aquatic insects