A survey of apterous and winged aphid species from crop and wild plants in Panama (highlands and lowlands) was carried out. Aphids were manually collected from colonies on crops or wild plants or using yellow traps (for winged aphids) in Boquete and Cerro Punta (Chiriquí) and in some other regions of the country. As a result of this study, a total of 66 species of aphids included in 43 genera and eight subfamilies were identified; 64 are new reports for Panama and 18 species were not previously known from Central America. Nine additional species were partially identified. The aphid species more frequently collected from their host plants were: Aphis spiraecola, A. gossypii, Aulacortum solani, Myzus ornatus, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Lipaphis erysimi, M. persicae, and Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale, whereas the aphid species more abundant in water yellow traps were M. persicae,, L. erysimi, R. rufiabdominale, H. lactucae, A. solani, and M. ornatus.