Caracterización de periodos de suelo y estimación de efecto de sitio en el Casco Antiguo de la Ciudad de Panamá como apoyo a la preservación del patrimonio histórico de Panamá

Néstor Luque; Javier Francisco Lermo Samaniego; Julissa Sanjur; Arkin Tapia; Héctor  Pineda; Johnny Gil; Yadira Echeverria

doi:10.48204/j.tecno.v27n2.a7674

Submitted July 9, 2025

Published 2025-07-11

Artículos

Vol. 27 No. 2 (2025): Tecnociencia

Characterization of the site effect with the Nakamura technique in the Panama City Old Quarter as support for the preservation of Panama historical heritage of

Néstor Luque ⁺⁻
Javier Francisco Lermo Samaniego⁺⁻
Julissa Sanjur ⁺⁻
Arkin Tapia ⁺⁻
Héctor Pineda ⁺⁻
Johnny Gil ⁺⁻
Yadira Echeverria ⁺⁻

DOI https://doi.org/10.48204/j.tecno.v27n2.a7674

PDF (Español (España))

References

DOI: 10.48204/j.tecno.v27n2.a7674

Published: 2025-07-11

How to Cite

Luque , N., Lermo Samaniego, J. F., Sanjur , J., Tapia , A., Pineda , H., Gil , J. and Echeverria , Y. (2025) “Characterization of the site effect with the Nakamura technique in the Panama City Old Quarter as support for the preservation of Panama historical heritage of”, Tecnociencia, 27(2), pp. 161–175. doi: 10.48204/j.tecno.v27n2.a7674.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Areas prone to the generation of earthquakes that leave considerable damage require seismic hazard studies. Performing a site effect analysis is one of the most important parameters in this process. To know the site effect, there are various techniques, one of them is the empirical methodology of the H/V spectral ratio (that is, the ratio between the Fourier amplitude spectrum of the horizontal and vertical components of microseisms). The technique developed by Nogoshi and Igarashi (1971) and disseminated by Nakamura (1989) as the H/V spectral ratio, allows obtaining the fundamental periods of the ground in the study region. This is one of the techniques that microtremors use for seismic microzonation (Rivera-Alvarez, 2019).

We apply this technique at different points, especially near important buildings, in the Casco Viejo of Panama City as support for the preservation of the historical heritage of Panama, with broadband seismometers. Resulting in soils that mostly comprise hard to compact soils with short periods, less than 0.25 seconds.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Atlas Nacional de la República de Panamá (2016). Instituto Geográfico Nacional Tommy Guardia (IGNTG).
Bazán, E. y Meli, R. (1992). Manual de diseño sísmico de edificios. Editorial Limusa S. A., México.
Cara F.; Cultrera, G., Azzara, R.M., De Rubeis, V., Di Giulio, G., Giammarinaro, M.S. Tosi, P. Vallone, P., & Rovelli, A. (2008). Microtremor Measurements in the City of Palermo, Italy: Analysis of the Correlation between Local Geology and Damage. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 98, No. 3, pp. 1354–1372
Chávez-García, F. J., & Montalva, G. A. (2014). Efectos de sitio para Ingenieros Geotécnicos, estudio del valle Parkway.?Obras y proyectos, (16), 6-30.
Duval, A. M., S. Vidal, J.-P. Méneroud, A. Singer, F. De Santis, C. Ramos, G. Romero, R. Rodríguez, A. Pernia, N. Reyes, and C. Griman (2001). Caracas, Venezuela, site effect determination with microtremors, Pure Appl. Geophys., 158, 2513–2523.
Gascón, P. (2009).?Caracterización geofísica mediante estudio de ruido sísmico ambiental,
área metropolitana del estado Anzoátegui (Tesis Doctoral no publicada), Universidad Central de Venezuela.
Grajales-Saavedra, F., Mojica, A., Ho, C., Samudio, K., Mejía, G., Li, S.. Almengor, L., Miranda, R., & Muñoz, M. (2023). Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios and Refraction Microtremor Analyses for Seismic Site Effects and Soil Classification in the City of David, Western Panama.?Geosciences,?13, 287.?https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13100287
Guardia, R., Camacho-Astigarrabia, E., Luque, N., Tapia, A, Echeverria, Y., & Anguizola, E. (2012). Modelación Probabilista del Riesgo Sísmico en la Ciudad de David, CAPRA Informe Técnico. Panamá. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.2667.2167
Kramer, S.L, & Stewart, J.P.?(2024). Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, 2nd. Ed. CRC Press.
Lachet, C., D. Hatzfeld, P.-Y. Bard, N. Theodulidis, C. Papaioannou, and A. Savvaidis (1996). Site effects and microzonation in the city of Thessaloniki (Greece) comparison of different approaches, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 86, 1692 - 1703.
Lebrun, B., Hatzfeld, D. & Bard, P.Y. (2001). A site effect study in urban area: experimental results in Grenoble (France), Pure Appl. Geophys., 158, 2543–2557.
Lermo S., J.; Rodríguez, M., & Singh, K. (1988). Observaciones de Microtemblores y su Aplicación en la Ingeniería Sísmica. Revista Geofísica 128, IPGH. 123-143.
Lermo, J. & Chávez-García, F.J. (1993). Site effect evaluation using spectral ratios with only one station, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 83, 1574 - 1594.
Lermo-Samaniego, J., Camacho-Astigarrabia, E., Martinez-Gonzalez, J. A., Carbajal-Becerril, E., Luque, N. Tapia, A., Chichaco. E., Gil, J., Echeverria, Y., & Palma R. (2014). Microzonificación sísmica de la ciudad de Panamá, Panamá. Informe Técnico para el Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los desastres Naturales en América Central (CEPREDENAC).
Nakamura, Y. (1989) A method for dynamic characteristics estimation of subsurface using microtremor on the ground surface. Quarterly Report of Railway Technical Research, 30(1), 25-33. Recuperado de http://www.rtri.or.jp/eng/
Nakamura, Y. (1996). Real-time information systems for hazards mitigation. In Proceedings of the 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Acapulco, Mexico.
Nakamura, Y. (2000). Clear identification of fundamental ideas of Nakamura’s technique and its applications. In Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Auckland, New Zealand.
Nogoshi, M. & Igarashi,T. (1971). On the amplitude characteristics of microtremor (part 2). Journal of Seismological Society of Japan, 24(1), 26-40. Recuperado de Doi https://doi.org/10.4294/zisin1948.24.1_26
Panou, A., Theodulidis, N., Hatzidimitriou, P., Savvaidis, A., & Papazachos, C. (2005). Reliability of ambient noise horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio in urban environments: the case of Thessaloniki city (northern Greece), Pure Appl. Geophys. 162, 891–912.
Ritta, R. J., Suárez, L. E., & Pando, M. A. (2012). Determinación del período fundamental del suelo usando vibración ambiental y el cociente espectral horizontal/vertical.?Mecánica computacional,?31(8), 1399-1419.
Rivera-Álvarez, Z. C., & Pérez-Alemany, H. A. (2019). Evaluación de los efectos de sitio a partir de la razón espectral h/v de microsismos en zonas aledañas a la bahía de Santiago de Cuba.?Ciencia en su PC,?1(4), 1-15.
Schmidt-Díaz, V., & Esquivel-Salas, L. C. (2023). Periodo fundamental y clasificación de sitios en el cantón Central de San José (Costa Rica) usando la técnica H/V.?Revista geológica De América Central,?68, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.15517/rgac.2023.55170
Tenorio, C. (1997). Site Response Evaluation: A review of the problem Involved, Estimation Techniques, and Nakamura´s Single Station Method. M. Sc. Thesis, Institute of Solid Earth Physics, University of Bergen, Norway.
Teves-Costa, P., Almeida, I. M. & Silva, P. L. (2001). Microzonation of Lisbon: 1D theoretical approach, Pure Appl. Geophys. 158, 2579–2596.
Uyan?k, O., Öncü, Z., Uyan?k, N. A., & Ekin, N. (2024). Seismic microzonation and geotechnical modeling studies considering local site effects for ?negöl Plain (Bursa?Turkey). Earth and Space Science, 11, e2023EA003460. https://doi. org/10.1029/2023EA003460
Yamazaki F., & Ansary, M. A. (1997). Horizontal-to-vertical spectrum ratio of earthquake ground motion for site characterization. Earthq. Eng. and Struc. Dyn., 26, 671-689.