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Submitted January 5, 2026
Published 2026-07-01

Artículos científicos

Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Centros Revista Científica Universitaria

Impact of smallholder rice producers educational attainment on agricultural entrepreneurship in Eastern Panama


DOI https://doi.org/10.48204/j.centros.v15n2.a9130

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References
DOI: 10.48204/j.centros.v15n2.a9130

Published: 2026-07-01

How to Cite

Smith Bonas, R. (2026). Impact of smallholder rice producers educational attainment on agricultural entrepreneurship in Eastern Panama. Centros: Revista Científica Universitaria, 15(2), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.48204/j.centros.v15n2.a9130

Abstract

This study aims to characterize the level of formal and informal education among rice producers in Tortí, Chepo District, Eastern Panama, and to analyze its relationship with the entrepreneurial practices developed within their productive units. A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach was used. The population consisted of small-scale rice producers, and the sample was selected through purposive sampling. Data collection methods included structured surveys, semi-structured interviews, and direct field observation. Statistical analysis involved frequency measures, association tests, and simple regression. Findings show that most producers have not completed basic formal education, although a significant percentage have participated in informal training programs promoted by public institutions. A positive association was found between access to informal training and the adoption of innovative practices in rice cultivation and marketing. Additionally, factors such as experience, age, and gender correlate with preferences for specific pedagogical methods. Training, particularly informal education, plays a key role in developing entrepreneurial skills among small producers. It is recommended to strengthen training programs tailored to the socio-demographic and cultural characteristics of the region in order to foster sustainable rural entrepreneurship.

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