Sistemas de gestión y control de la energía en edificios inteligentes para personas con discapacidad: un estudio de revisión

Karel Llopiz Guerra; Marian Llópiz Urdanivia; Lilibeth Peraza González; Loanys Ramos Lorenzo

doi:10.48204/j.centros.v15n2.a9601

Submitted March 23, 2026

Published 2026-07-01

Artículos científicos

Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Centros Revista Científica Universitaria

Energy management and control systems in smart buildings for people with disabilities: : a review study

Karel Llopiz Guerra⁺⁻
Marian Llópiz Urdanivia ⁺⁻
Lilibeth Peraza González ⁺⁻
Loanys Ramos Lorenzo ⁺⁻

DOI https://doi.org/10.48204/j.centros.v15n2.a9601

PDF (Español (España))

References

DOI: 10.48204/j.centros.v15n2.a9601

Published: 2026-07-01

How to Cite

Llopiz Guerra, K., Llópiz Urdanivia , M., Peraza González , L., & Ramos Lorenzo , L. (2026). Energy management and control systems in smart buildings for people with disabilities: : a review study. Centros: Revista Científica Universitaria, 15(2), 300–327. https://doi.org/10.48204/j.centros.v15n2.a9601

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Abstract

This review aimed to examine the bibliographic references of Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) in smart buildings, analyzing their structural configuration, supporting technologies, regulatory framework, and promoting the inclusion of people with disabilities. An exploratory systematic review of the literature published between 2019 and 2025 was conducted, consulting specialized sources and international standards such as ISO 50001 and ITU-T regarding communication protocols (KNX, BACnet), IoT, AI, and fog computing. The findings reveal that the hierarchical organization of these systems enables real-time monitoring of HVAC and lighting, while the integration of wireless sensors and AI algorithms allows predictive decisions that optimize consumption, achieving energy efficiency improvements of 20% to 40%. It is concluded that BEMS constitute the essential component of intelligent buildings with an inclusive vocation, generating significant savings and contributing to urban sustainability.

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References

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Ahmadi, M., et al. (2025). Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to improve building performance and energy use: innovations, challenges, and future perspectives. Energy Informatics, 8, 138. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-025-00589-3
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Chen, S., Zhang, G., Xia, X., Setunge, S., y Shi, L. (2021). The impacts of occupant behavior on building energy consumption: A review. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 45, 101212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101212
Chinchero, H. F., Alonso, J. M., y Ortiz, H. (2020). LED lighting systems for smart buildings: A review. IET Smart Cities, 2(3), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0054
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Janse van Rensburg, P. A., Snyders, A. J., y Ferreira, H. C. (2018). Modeling of coupling diversity for extra-low-voltage power-line communication networked LED lighting in smart buildings. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 6(3), 1224-1234. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2018.2836356
Jia, M., Komeily, A., Wang, Y., y Srinivasan, R. S. (2019). Adopting Internet of Things for the development of smart buildings: A review of enabling technologies and applications. Automation in Construction, 101, 111-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.01.023
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[1] Aguilar, J., Garces-Jimenez, A., R-moreno, M. D., y García, R. (2025). Leveraging cutting-edge technologies into energy management smart buildings: An era of revolution. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 142, 110020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2025.110020

[2] Ahmadi, M., et al. (2025). Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to improve building performance and energy use: innovations, challenges, and future perspectives. Energy Informatics, 8, 138. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-025-00589-3

[3] Ahmed, A., Ge, T., Peng, J., Yan, W. C., Tee, B. T., y You, S. (2022). Assessment of the renewable energy generation towards net-zero energy buildings: A review. Energy and Buildings, 256, 111755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111755

[4] Bekda?, G., Yücel, M., y I??kda?. (2025). A systematic review of building energy management systems (BEMSs): Sensors, IoT, and AI integration. Energies, 18(24), 6522. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18246522

[5] Belan, L., y Jánošíková, M. (2025). The Implementation of a Control System for an Administrative Building Using the KNX Standard. En 2025 26th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCC65605.2025.11022888

[6] BIG-EU. (2025, October 20). Open Standards and Collaboration at the Heart of Smart Building Innovation. BACnet Interest Group Europe. https://www.big-eu.org/news/open-standards-and-collaboration-at-the-heart-of-smart-building-innovation/

[7] Calvo, I., Espin, A., Gil-García, J. M., Fernández Bustamante, P., Barambones, O., y Apiñaniz, E. (2022). Scalable IoT architecture for monitoring indoor environmental quality in public buildings. Energies, 15(6), 2270. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15062270

[8] Chen, S., Zhang, G., Xia, X., Setunge, S., y Shi, L. (2021). The impacts of occupant behavior on building energy consumption: A review. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 45, 101212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101212

[9] Chinchero, H. F., Alonso, J. M., y Ortiz, H. (2020). LED lighting systems for smart buildings: A review. IET Smart Cities, 2(3), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-smc.2020.0054

[10] Cisco. (2020). Network Powered Smart Buildings [White paper]. Cisco Public.

[11] Cisco. (2025). Cisco and MHT implementation guide. https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/engineering_alliances/Cisco_MHT_Implementation_Guide.html

[12] Collins, W., Perrenoud, A. J., y Posillico, J. (Eds.). (2025). A Review of Smart Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) to Enhance Building Sustainability. En Proceedings of Associated Schools of Construction 61st Annual International Conference, 6, 342-351. https://au.easychair.org/publications/paper/1qDQ

[13] European Parliament and Council. (2016). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (General Data Protection Regulation). Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R0679

[14] European Parliament and Council. (2018). Directive (EU) 2018/844 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 amending Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings and Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency. Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2018.156.01.0075.01.ENG

[15] European Parliament and Council. (2019). Regulation (EU) 2019/881 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on ENISA (the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity) and on information and communications technology cybersecurity certification (Cybersecurity Act). Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R0881

[16] European Parliament and Council. (2024). Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act). Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R1689

[17] EurthTech. (2025). Wired & optical IoT – Ethernet, KNX, fiber, and PLC. https://www.eurthtech.com/post/part-5-wired-optical-iot-ethernet-knx-fiber-and-plc

[18] Fatima, H., Alharbi, W. S., Taha, A., Imran, M. A., y Mohjazi, L. (2025). Enabling Inclusive And Accessible Living Through The Internet Of Mirrors (IoM). IEEE Internet of Things Magazine. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIOT.2025.3584283

[19] Fratu, M. (2022). Intelligent system for lighting control in smart buildings. RECENT, 23(67), 55-58. https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2022.67.055

[20] Gokulakrishnan, P., Kumar, J. M., y Ashim, A. M. (2021). Smart fire detection system in a large building using Lora WAN. En 2021 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Systems (ICAIS) (pp. 1111-1115). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAIS50930.2021.9395893

[21] Gonzales-Zurita, O., García-Sanz, D., y Fernández-Cardador, A. (2025). A review of methods and techniques in building energy management systems for energy efficiency enhancement. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 212, 115279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115279

[22] Himeur, Y., et al. (2025). A Scalable Cloud-Based IoT Infrastructure for Real-Time Energy Management in Smart Office Buildings. En 2025 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Systems (ICAIS) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAIS65605.2025.11205242

[23] HMS Networks. (2025, January 31). https://stg-nlw.hms-networks.cn/news/news-details/31-01-2025-what-s-new-at-intesis-gateway-release-2025

[24] Hudec, M., y Smutný, Z. (2024). Principles of user interface design enabling people with blindness professional work in administration of energy systems in intelligent buildings comparable to sighted workers. IEEE Access, 12, 94176-94196. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3425330

[25] ISO 50001:2018. (2018). Energy management systems — Requirements with guidance for use. International Organization for Standardization.

[26] ITU. (2016). ITU-T's Technical Reports and Specifications: Shaping smarter and more sustainable cities. https://www.itu.int/wftp3/Public/epub_shared/TSB/ITUT-Tech-Report-Specs/2016/en/ITUT-Tech-Rep-Specs-2016_opf_files/WebSearch/page1023.html

[27] ITU-T L.1370. (2018). Sustainable and intelligent building services. Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones.

[28] ITU-T L.1371. (2020). A methodology for energy efficiency assessment and improvement in buildings. Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones.

[29] ITU-T L.1380. (2019). Smart energy solution for telecom sites. Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones.

[30] Janse van Rensburg, P. A., Snyders, A. J., y Ferreira, H. C. (2018). Modeling of coupling diversity for extra-low-voltage power-line communication networked LED lighting in smart buildings. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 6(3), 1224-1234. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2018.2836356

[31] Jia, M., Komeily, A., Wang, Y., y Srinivasan, R. S. (2019). Adopting Internet of Things for the development of smart buildings: A review of enabling technologies and applications. Automation in Construction, 101, 111-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.01.023

[32] King, J., y Perry, C. (2017). Smart Buildings: Using Smart Technology to Save Energy in Existing Buildings. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE). https://www.aceee.org/research-report/a1701

[33] KNXhub. (2025). DALI gateways & integration with KNX, BACnet & IoT. https://www.knxhub.com/dali-gateways-integration-knx-bacnet-iot/

[34] Li, Y., Kubicki, S., Guerriero, A., y Rezgui, Y. (2023). A review of artificial intelligence-based building energy use prediction: Contrasting the capabilities of single and ensemble prediction models. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 175, 113146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.113146

[35] Llopiz, K., Pérez, D., y Rodríguez, B. (2020). Preparación para la vida adulta independiente: un camino para promover la inclusión socioeducativa de escolares con necesidades educativas especiales. Propósitos y Representaciones, 8(SPE3), e733. http://dx.doi.org/10.20511/pyr2020.v8nSPE3.733

[36] Maciel, H. S., Cardoso, I., y Vieira, M. A. M. (2017). An integrated access control and lighting configuration system for smart buildings. Journal of Communications Software and Systems, 13(2), 85-93.

[37] Manusa. (2025). Accesibilidad y sostenibilidad para la residencia y centro de día Colisée. https://www.manusa.com/es-latam/projects/accesibilidad-y-sostenibilidad-para-la-residencia-y-centro-de-dia-colisee

[38] Mariano-Hernández, D., Hernández-Callejo, L., Zorita-Lamadrid, A., Duque-Pérez, O., y García, F. S. (2021). A review of strategies for building energy management system: Model predictive control, demand side management, optimization, and fault detect & diagnosis. Journal of Building Engineering, 33, 101692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101692

[39] Marinakis, V., y Doukas, H. (2018). An advanced IoT-based system for intelligent energy management in buildings. Sensors, 18(2), 610. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18020610

[40] Martinopoulos, G., Papakostas, K. T., y Papadopoulos, A. M. (2018). A comparative review of heating systems in EU countries, based on efficiency and fuel cost. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 90, 687-699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.060

[41] Michailidis, P., Michailidis, I., y Kosmatopoulos, E. (2025). Reinforcement learning for optimizing renewable energy utilization in buildings: A review on applications and innovations. Energies, 18(7), 1724. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18071724

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