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Abstract The evolution of technology, new social demands, and the need to prepare students for an increasingly challenging world lead us to consider a multifaceted approach to the development of teaching competencies. This approach encompasses a wide range of skills and knowledge that education professionals must possess to be effective in their work, moving beyond the mere transmission of knowledge towards a more dynamic approach that recognizes teaching as a complex process involving multiple dimensions. This literature review article aims to analyze current trends in teacher training, with a focus on the development of key competencies for the 21st century. From a systematic exploration of the literature, theoretical frameworks that support these competencies and that can serve as a reference for research on initial teacher training and professionalization will be identified and analyzed.