Assessment by competencies is established as a central axis to guide approaches focused on the learning processes of students, to develop skills that allow them to advance in the construction of new knowledge, in the interpretation and communication of new ideas that enrich the understanding about the phenomena of the world. In the area of ??Natural Sciences, assessment by competencies is vital to promote critical thinking and meaningful learning. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to explain how the evaluation by competencies in the area of ??Natural Sciences favors the ability of students to apply their knowledge in practical situations, thus promoting transformations in their attitudes, which are necessary in the face of emergency situation faced by natural contexts and environments. To this end, a literature review was proposed that allowed the evaluation of competencies in Natural Sciences to be related to three axes of analysis: critical thinking, meaningful learning and the transformation of daily practice. It is mainly concluded that competency assessment drives the transformation of everyday practice by encouraging students to adopt innovative and creative approaches to address environmental challenges, including the search for new and adaptive solutions, as well as active participation in environmental initiatives. research and projects that aim to improve environmental quality and promote sustainability.