The social dynamics present in today's world require that schools not only educate students with cognitive abilities but also with socio-emotional competencies, especially during basic education. These dynamics necessitate that individuals possess skills such as empathy, self-regulation, and effective communication, among others, enabling them to manage their emotions and cope with the stress inherent in contemporary life. Acknowledging this need for establishing relationships and interactions in an increasingly complex and challenging world, this article emerges to review the state of the art of theoretical and practical research conducted in recent years in Colombia and worldwide. To achieve this, a search was carried out in major open databases such as Scielo, Redalyc, Google Scholar, among others, using keywords like socio-emotional competencies, basic education, development of socio-emotional skills, and social competencies to identify documentary or field research studies conducted in the last six years (2019-2024) in both national and international contexts. As a result, it is evident that there are many works that not only highlight the relevance of this topic today but also address specific capacities for basic education such as empathy and assertive communication as means for conflict resolution, as well as strategies for promoting the development of these competencies in the classroom.