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Light pollution is a growing environmental problem that affects astronomical observation, biodiversity, human health, and energy efficiency. In Panama, this phenomenon has received little academic and political attention, despite the sustained increase in the brightness of the night sky associated with urban growth and the indiscriminate use of artificial lighting. This study analyzed the current situation by reviewing 53 documents, as well as VIIRS satellite data and strategic tools such as SWOT and PESTEL. The evidence shows the need for strict regulations and public awareness campaigns.